Ações afirmativas no contexto das Políticas Neoliberais: a implementação do sistema de cotas da UFAM

Abstract

The beginning of the twenty-first century was marked, in the context of education, by the discussions around the reform of higher education, deepened mainly in the governments of FHC and Lula. The reform of higher education in Brazil directly affects the Brazilian public university and the complex discussion about the implementation of quotas (ethnic, socioeconomic or school origin) as one of the ways of entering universities appears with great force in the Brazilian scenario. Already in place in all federal universities (through Law 12.711 / 2012), in some state universities, as well as in private ones (through the University for All Program - PROUNI), the quota system is still far from generating consensus among students, teachers And intellectuals. The central concern that is constituted in the general objective is to analyze the process of implementation of affirmative action policy in UFAM undergraduation considering the historical context of its emergence. In order to achieve the objective, the following specific objectives were defined: to investigate the perception of the quota holders in relation to the UFAM affirmative action policy based on their institutional experience; Investigate the view of the manager responsible for implementing the affirmative action policy of UFAM regarding its implementation process; To know the opinion of nonquota students about affirmative action policy based on the implementation of the quota system at UFAM. To better approximate the researched reality the research adopted the qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted with 11 affirmative action policy actors: 1 Pro-rector and 10 students, 5 of whom were quotaholders and 5 non-quota holders. The technique of content analysis was used to interpret speech. The study pointed out that the view of most of the quotatist students approaches the non-quotaters; And that the quota system addresses a legitimate demand of people excluded from access to public higher education, where effective inequality between the public and private education system makes it difficult for public school students to enter public universities. This perception is shared by UFAM's affirmative action policy manager, who emphasizes the need to democratize access to higher education and sees the quota system as a contribution to this process of democratization.