Atividades biológicas de terpenos de óleos de copaíba (Copaifera spp. – Fabaceae)

Abstract

Copaíba ( Copaifera L. ) is one of the best known and Amazonian plants used by traditional populations in natural medicine . The oleoresin of copaiba is a source of terpene compounds. The previous fractionation of terpene acids contained copaiba oil for the isolation of metabolites of interest is a useful method in dispatch processes phytochemicals later. The use of ion exchange chromatography is an alternative that minimizes the inconvenience of the formation of emulsions difficult separation. This paper proposes the use of methodology by ion exchange chromatography silica treated with aqueous KOH in order to re-isolate constituent terpenoids acids present in oleoresin gender Copaifera L quantity that allows making various biological assays. Aspects of the anti-inflammatory activity and antitumor activity via biological assays, enzymatic assays being developed tests (inhibition of tyrosinase and lipoxygenase) of cytokine and cytotoxicity in model cell culture in order to get a new bioactive compound that can be used in the preparation of a phytochemical or phyto, such as bleaching or skin protectors. Were obtained and identified by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods six (06) diterpene acids: copalic, 3-hydroxy-copalic, 3-acetoxy-copalic, hardwíckiico, colávico-15-methyl ester and kaurenoic. The acid 3-hydroxy-copalic was capable of inhibiting tyrosinase enzyme with IC50=255.53 ±18.59 μM . The colávico-15-methyl ester showed a higher capacity to inhibit lipoxygenase enzyme (IC50=157.82 ±17.69 μM ) . The cytotoxic activity of the substances was evaluated in healthy cells by strains of human lymphocytes , fibroblasts and 3T3L1 murine J774 macrophages , which poisonous substances only at concentrations above 250 μM . Was also made of the APPRAISAL hemolytic potential of the compounds , and found that none had significant hemolytic activity at concentrations up to 50 mM . For lines AGP - 1 ( gastric cancer ) , HCT -116 (colon cancer) , MCF - 7 ( breast cancer) , NIHOVCAR ( ovarian cancer ) , SKAMELL - 4 ( melanoma ) and SF -295 ( human glioblastoma ) , tested at a single concentration of 20 μM , showed no significant changes in cell viability . The antiinflammatory activity of the compounds was evaluated as inhibition of NO production in murine J774 macrophage lineage stimulated with LPS where the copalic acid ( 98.48 ± 1.30 % ) and hardwickiico acid ( 92.73 ± 4.97% ) had activity equivalent to that of standard indomethacin ( 96.58 ± 1.7 % ) at concentration of 100 μM . Was investigated first the effect of compounds isolated diterpene acids on the production of TNF - α , IL -6 and IL-10. The compounds did not inhibit the production of TNF - α . The acid 3-acetoxy-copalic, kaurenoic , colávico-15-methyl ester and copalic inhibited the production of IL -6 23.84 ± 8.17 %, 11.21 ± 5.74 %, 17.34 ± 4 18 ± 1.86 % and 4.19 %, respectively, at a single concentration of 50 μM . The kaurenoic acid , 3- acetoxy - copalic copalic and induced the production of IL-10 at concentrations of 12.5 μM and 25 μM , but there was a decrease in this induction when tested at a concentration of 50 μM . The kolávic-15-methyl ester and hardwickiic acid no changes of IL -10. Thus, these diterpenes may be considered components responsible for contributing to combat inflammation, however it is necessary to develop a pharmaceutical probably topical, to conduct clinical trials aimed to demonstrate its application in the treatment of injuries acute and chronic skin.