O Polo Industrial da Zona Franca de Manaus e a preservação da floresta amazônica: caminhos independentes

Abstract

The creation of the system of tax incentives ZFM - Manaus Free Zone, including its PIM - Industrial Pole of Manaus, was originally justified the time of its enactment in 1967 to be able to deploy within the Amazon three economic centers: an industrial, commercial and agricultural, that allowed its development "... in the face of local factors and the great distance to which they are consumers of their products centers" in the text of Decree Law 288/67, the environmental issue not being mentioned . This act took place five years before the first meeting on climate change held in Stockholm in Sweden in 1972, the first series of meetings entering the theme environment on the global agenda, the last Rio + 20 in 2012. The data treatment natural resources in Brazil and the other countries in general until then was the time of their relative abundance, whose initial concerns about their stocks dating from the 70s the planet had 3.5 billion inhabitants, half of the 2014 quota. Since 1980, however, several studies have examined the consequences of this tax systematic about Manaus and the Amazon in many ways, some addressing positively and others negatively, including presenting other justifications for their existence, as the generation of jobs and revenue tax, which were not the object of his creation. Among the reasons for existing PIM - Industrial Pole of Manaus, inserted in the ZFM is also supposed that he would be avoiding the significant portion of deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, in the order of 5,200 square kilometers per year, and that this area not destroyed could potentially generate a financial benefit of about $ 400 million annually to prevent carbon release into the atmosphere, not the forest felling, considering that carbon a very negotiable on world markets. This is the aim of this work: check that it is possible to affirm the existence of the protective function of the forest that the Industrial Pole of Manaus exert. With the methodology of comparative analysis, we seek to interpret the data of the study Economic Instruments for Amazon Protection - The experience of the Industrial Pole of Manaus (MACHADO; MOTA; RIVAS, 2009), only work to quantify and qualify what is being the supposed avoided deforestation.