Estudo do desflorestamento e qualidade ambiental no município de Iranduba, Amazonas

Abstract

This research seeks to analyze from satellite image and environmental index, how the process of urban sprawl has contributed to the loss of vegetation in the municipality of Iranduba, Amazonas. We used satellite images from Landsat 5 TM sensor (Thematic Mapper) for the years 2003, 2005, 2010 and 2011, from which the study was conducted temporal use and land cover, and can observe the reduction of vegetation over the years studied, as well as the replacement of vegetation by urbanization, agriculture and other elements of anthropogenic transformation of the natural landscape. The rain forest vegetation class between the years 2003 and 2011, suffered a loss of 233,261 km2, equivalent to 10.53% of the total area of the municipality. The secondary forest, in the same time interval, had an increase of 206 725 km2 (9.33%). As for the class of disturbed area showed growth on all dates studied, an increase from 2003 to 2011 of 79,144 km2 (3.57%). From information collected in the field, we calculated the Index of Environmental Quality, which ranged between 0.60 and 0.43, indicating that the area presents critical levels of environmental quality. Using Landsat 5 image - TM, the year 2011, we elaborated the vegetation map of the city through which information is extracted for determination of Coverage Ratios Plant and Vegetation Cover by Inhabitant. The vegetation indices calculated (ICV - 73.05; ICVH - 1,765). Overall, the results were satisfactory, in the proposed work.