Causas e consequências da ocorrência de voçorocas nas estradas AM-330 (Silves) e AM-363 (Itapiranga), Amazonas – Brasil

Abstract

This research has as its object of study the process of voçorocamento roads AM - 330 AM and in Silves - 363 in Itapiranga belonging to the Metropolitan Region of Manaus (RMM). Was held in the said survey mapping regarding the environmental impacts of the action of gullies along these pathways. The process observed voçorocamento presented as main impacts the advancement of gullies towards the roads, which also resulted in the silting of canals in the vicinity of roads. The research about the process of voçorocamento has relevance on the various problems caused as a result of its dynamism, since it occurs very frequently in urban areas and highways / roads in the Amazon. The emergence and expansion of gullies are conditioned by natural (erodibility erossividade) and anthropogenic action elements, which led to several changes in the landscape, as well as changes in the dynamics of the incisions. Equipment for data collection were used, as the auger, the rain gauge, GPS, cisalhômetro, the impact penetrometer, the infiltrometer and the phmetrer. These were used for soil samples; measuring the amount of rain; to identify the geographic location of the incisions; to obtain the shear of the soil; measuring the penetration soil; measuring soil infiltration; obtaining the level of acidity of the soil, respectively. Geology, geomorphology, climate, hydrology, soil and vegetation: During the characterization of the study area the main information about the gullies, such as length, width, depth, slope of the land, beyond the physical characteristics were observed. The paper is organized in four chapters divided thus: the first deals with discussions about the definitions of gullies; the second focuses on the natural characteristics of the study area; the third explains the methodology adopted as the equipment used in the field, the scientific approach among others; the fourth and final reports results from the methodology and the answers about the possibilities of the emergence of the incisions and in some cases the expansion or reduction of some features. Both the emergence of the new features in the increase of the size of these, the major factor was changes in storm drainage and hence the runoff and the paving of roads also contributed to the changes in the dynamics of new incisions.