Aplicações de espectrometria de massas e estudo biológico do extrato dos frutos da remela-de-cachorro (Clavija lancifolia – Theophrastaceae)

Abstract

Remela-de-cachorro (Clavija lancifolia Desf.), is an exotic Brazilian fruit consumed exclusively in the southern region of the Amazonas state. Due to the lack of knowledge about its chemical composition, the Remela-de-cachorro was studied in relation to its phenolic constitution and its aroma. In this sense, the objective of this study was to perform a qualitative and quantitative chemical study of its fruits by means of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS, respectively). Additionally, to evaluate the antioxidant activities and in vitro enzymatic inhibition of the metanolic extract. The GC-MS technique was employed along with the solid phase microextraction in headspace (HS-SPME) to evaluate the fruit aroma composition. Twenty-eight compounds were identified from the in natura pulp of remela-de-cachorro, with aldehydes being the most abundant group of volatile organic compounds in the fruits with a total percentage of 26,14%. It was found that linalool (10,1%), 1-octen-3-ol (4,42%), β-ionone (4,08%) and hexanal (3,05%) were the main contributors to the aroma characteristic of this species. Using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, showed that the studied fruit is rich in phenolic compounds (8,28 mg GAE/g). Using the LC-MS/MS system, 9 phenolic compounds (alkyl gallates, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids) were identified and quantified in the pulp. The antioxidant capacity of remela-de-cachorro extract by the ABTS method presented better antioxidant activity (12,0 ± 1,28 μg/mL) compared to the DPPH assay (30,0 ± 1,0 μg/mL). The effect of fruit extract showed low percentage of total inhibition against lipase and α-glucosidase enzymes.