Caracterização fenotípica e genotípica de salmonelas isoladas de área rural e urbana de Manaus, Amazonas

Abstract

Salmonella sp. lives in the intestinal tract of many warm and cold blooded animals. Salmonella can cause mild gastroenteritis and severe invasive diseases. Those are responsible for 216 thousands deaths /year, and are most commonly linked with areas of low socioeconomic status and sanitation. The aim of this study was to describe the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of Salmonella isolated from countryside and urban areas of Manaus / AM. Samples were collected from children 0-10 years old with and without diarrhea in the urban area and in the countryside samples were collected from stools of adults, children, animals, and the water. These strains were isolated in liquid sodium Tetrationado, then, sown on solid media selective for Salmonella, reproduced in predetermined conditions for Salmonella. Colonies were then selected with morphological characteristics for Salmonella and sown in biochemical tests for phenotypic characterization and identification. We performed the amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA and analyzed genetic similarity using the Pulsed Field technique for genotypic characterization and identification of these strains. In total, 22 Salmonella samples were characterized, 3 of (13.6%) S. Paratyphi B, 3 of (13.6%) S. Javiana, 3 of (13.6%) S. enterica subsp. arizonae, 3 of (13.6%) Salmonella enterica, 3 of (13.6%) Salmonella sp., 2 of (9%) S. Bareilly, 2 of (9%) S. Typhimurium, 1of (4.5%) S. Agona, 1 of (4.5%) S. Stanley and 1 of (4.5%) S. Enteritidis. Among the 22 isolates, 100% were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, 10 (46%) were resistant to Nitrofurantoin and 8 (36, 3%) were resistant to Sulfametaxazol + trimethropim. These strains have the ability to cause infections. All of them presented virulence factors with invasion, adhesion and survival capacity into the cell. The genetic similarity analysis generated different profiles among clinical isolates and wild isolates. We must call attention to this type of research and continue focusing on improving the diagnosis and decreasing resistance to antibiotics and ultimately the creation of programs for control and prevention of that disease.