As trilhas do espaço-tempo na paisagem das secções fluviais inferior-médio do igarapé do Quarenta: sistema hidrográfico de Educandos

Abstract

This work aims to present the tracks of space-time in the landscape of the lower-middle river sections of the Igarapé do 40, this being the main channel of the Educandos hydrographic system. The problem is focused on an analysis of how the landscape of the said river system has its physiognomy altered over the decades, caused by the use and occupation of urban soil on the Permanent Preservation Areas, in addition to the corrections of canals by engineering, to make room for urban requirements. For the generation and analyses of the data, the methodological strategy was organized with: the method of approach in the light of Edgar Morin's Complex Thinking; and the Case Study method, whose collected data were generated from those combined with other research techniques: Direct Observation, Geographic Inventory Protocol, Geographic Information System (ArcGis 10.7; Landsat TM Satellite Images 5- 231 06; SRTM Images - SA 20- 21; Google Earth; IBGE/2007 database). The results analyzed confirmed the hypothesis regarding the interventions of the use and occupation of the urban site in the late 19th century, especially from the end of the 19th century, where the infrastructures are advancing with the degradations in river geomorphology and respectively in ecosystem services, caused by: siltation, land stacking, plumbing, pollution by diffuse and punctual loads. The most impacted are the first-order tributaries that are endowed with the springs, however in most of its drainage network is with little or rare balanced situation in the river physiography demonstrated in the Letter of Protocol of Geographical Inventory. Therefore, despite new housing because of Social and Environmental Program of the Manaus Igarapés - PROSAMIN, bridges and other infrastructure, the use and occupation has directly affected the hydrographic network of lower-middle river courses and thus, changing the physiognomy with irrecoverable losses for the springs of the city Manaus, such as the hydrographic network of Educandos.

Keywords: Igarapé do Quarenta, Complex Thinking, river physiography.