Ferramentas de avaliação da capacidade funcional de pessoas vivendo com HIV: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been impacting society globally for decades, and remains a major health problem today, with thousands of new cases being reported every year. Although relevant, it is still unclear whether the functional assessments in this population have their instruments, aimed at the peculiarities presented by people living with HIV (PLHIV). Outcome: The main objective of this study was to describe the main tools used in the evaluation of the functional capacity of PLHIV. Methods: A systematic review without meta-analysis was carried out of studies related to the assessment of the functional capacity (FC) of PLHIV published in multiple electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SciELO, Web of Science, and PEDro) between January 30th and 10th. February 2022, using the keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus infection, frailty and functional status assessment, in English and human immunodeficiency virus infection, frailty and functional status assessment for research in Portuguese. The selected studies had their methodological quality assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS) checklist. The following data were collected and included in a database created in Excel 2016 software: author and year of publication, country that carried out the study, type of study, sample size, demographic data (mean age, sex, color/race), tool used in the assessment of functional capacity and findings during the assessment with the tool. Results: A total of 5,928 studies were found in electronic databases, of which 724 were excluded due to duplication, 4,924 due to the title and abstract not fitting this review, where after reading the entirety of the 279 articles selected for the eligibility, only 72 were included in this review and had their data described. We found 25 tools used in the assessment of PLHIV, 14 in the form of a questionnaire and 11 in scale or functional test. Among the questionnaire-type tools, the IADL and WHODAS 2.0 stood out, while among the scales and tests found, the SPPB and 6MWT were the most used to identify the FC of PLHIV. Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study allowed us to better understand the current scenario of which tools have been used to identify the FC of PLHIV. On the other hand, despite having found different types of tools and with different modes of application and function, based on our findings, we can consider that the PLHIV clinic is still seen in a generalized way, often without considering its specificities, not configuring frequent object of study and still without a widely used tool.