Soroprevalência da hantavirose em militares e civis no município de Manaus

Abstract

The Hantavirus is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by 24 species of viruses belonging to the genus hantavirus. It is transmitted by direct contact with infected rodents or by inhalation of aerosols from excreta and secretions by them eliminated. Worldwide, the disease has two clinical forms: Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS), prevalent in Europe and Asia (Old World) and Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (SCH), prevalent in the Americas (New World). In the second form, the mortality rate ranges between 33 and 100%. There is no treatment available for this disease. In Brazil, several cases have been recorded, mainly in the Southeast, with defined epidemiological data. In the Amazon, the few records, little is known about the prevalence and epidemiological factors involved in transmission. Furthermore, some human activities can facilitate exposure to the virus, for example, military activity, which can be considered as risk activity for contact with the virus. This group can function as a sentinel to its presence in the environment. This study aims to evaluate the seroprevalence of hantavirus in Military and civilians in the central region of Amazonas. To achieve this goal, we were used to search against hantavirus IgG ELISA test and a test Dotbloting. 1073 samples were collected (from 01 / 2014- 03/2016) and questionnaires sociodemographic and epidemiological to participants of the survey. Also, there was developed an antigen for serological tests proposed. A recombinant protein of the nucleocapsid of the virus from a consensus sequence of the protein ANDV N, ASC and RIOMV that occurring in the Amazon, was built using data available in GenBank. Expression was in E. Coli BL21 (DE3) and the resulting protein was purified by affinity chromatography. The sequence of the Hantavirus segment portion S synthesized was confirmed by sequencing and analyzed phylogenetically, confirming the similarity to the species of hantavirus that occur in the Amazon region. Serum samples were tested by this ELISA developed and positive samples were confirmed by Dot Blot using the same protein. In the epidemiological study were analyzed 1073 blood samples (n = 547 Civil, n = 526 Military). the prevalence of 7.46% was observed in the study population (n = 1073). The prevalence between the groups was 7.86 and 7.03 for civilians (nº= 547) and military (nº= 526), respectively. In the analysis of the questionnaires, the military presented as a risk factor being bitten by rodents and Civil, kill or capture rodents. Both factors linked to direct contact with the reservoir. We conclude that the prevalence of Hantavirus in the state of Amazonas is high compared to previous results of published seroprevalence. Despite the prevalence of the military group is lower than the general population, the characteristic of activity increases the possibility of exposure of these individuals to the virus, highlighting the activities in wilderness areas. Among Civil, alert to the high prevalence of the disease occurs in an urban population, the most populous city in central Amazonian region.