Efetividade da elipticina e artemisinina, em condições nanoestruturadas, para às atividades antimalárica e antitumoral

Abstract

Parasite resistance to commercially available antimalarial drugs is a reality, which makes it possible to search for new drugs and to develop researches with plants that have pharmacological properties. Numerous discussions on rapidlyreleasing antimalarial drugs have been gaining strength and adherence, as it has advantages related to its efficacy, specificity and patient tolerance in therapy. In this way, nanotechnology offers important tools for the development of new drugs and nanoparticles can contribute to a more specific therapy of selective action in the distribution and absorption of drugs. According to the Amazonian biodiversity, the active principle, ellipticina involved in research as antimalarial was isolated from Aspidosperma vargasii, whose popular name is Amarelão or Carapanaúba branca. Ellipticin exhibits antiplasmodial activity that has been demonstrated in in vitro test because it inhibited the growth of heme crystal that occurs in the digestive vacuole of Plasmodium ssp. and is associated with parasite growth. Another active principle, which is extracted from Artemisia annua L. is artemisinin. It is considered essential in the treatment of malaria, by its potency and its rapid action. Interventions of artemisinin-based combination therapy have reduced morbidity and mortality associated with malaria in several parts of the world. The combinations of artemeter-lumifantrine, artesunate-mefloquine and artesunateamodiaquine, are related to artoisinin's gametocytocidal properties that inhibit the transmission of parasites to probably reduce the development of antimalarial resistance. Recent studies show that artesunate may be a good alternative for the treatment of some types of cancer by the antiangiogenic mechanism. Its low toxicity represents a promising chemotherapeutic. It is important to note that artesunate is not carried by P-glycoproteins, so it is not involved in multidrug resistance. In the fight against these pathologies, several inconveniences are pointed out for the patient as some adverse effects and dosing schedule. Thus, it considers that the evaluation of new drug release systems can improve the therapeutic efficacy of future nanoformulations for antimalarial and antitumor drugs. In this sense, this work aims to develop, characterize and evaluate nanoparticles in their physico-chemical and cytotoxic aspect by means of bioassays against Plasmodium falciparum and antitumor cells. The substances used in the synthesis of the nanospheres were sodium tetrachloropalladium and ellipticine hydrochloride. The substances involved in the synthesis of nanofibers were artemisinin hydrochloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polybutylene.