Resíduos de espécies madeireiras de manejo florestal para produção de móveis

Abstract

Wood residues are a problem for most timber industries, because, due to the low yield in the productive process, it generates a large volume of waste. This fact is a problem in that only a portion of this volume of waste generated currently has some economic, social and / or environmental use. This research had the objective of proposing the use of wood residues of species from forest management in the production of furniture. It was carried out a diagnosis of the residues and randomly collected 4 samples that were identified, determined the physical properties (density, dimensional stability and coefficient of anisotropy), estimated the volume of the woody material and the volume of the sawn wood after unfolding to obtain the yield, were classified according to the norm and produced two furniture.The diagnosis showed that the residues generated in the yard were of logs with tortuosity, hollow, knot and sapopema, resulting in a total volume of 7.8123 m³ (except sapopema). The irregularities obtained corresponded to 48.84% (21) of logs with presence of tortuosity, 34.88% (15) of sapopemas, 9.40% (4) of tortuosity and node and only 6.98% (3) of independent hollow of the species, totaling 43 rejected wood. The 4 samples identified scientifically were 3 species Pithecellobium racemosum Ducke (Angelim-rajado), Dipteryx polyphylla (Huber) Ducke (Cumarurana) and Aldina heterophylla Spruce ex Benth (Macaca de paca) which are woods widely known and marketed. The species Cumarurana was the one with the highest density (0.78 g / cm³) and the Macucu species of paca with the lowest density (0.66 g / cm³) being classified as high and medium density wood respectively. These de-framed timbers were classified according to the standard by boards (54.55%) and beams (45.45%) with pieces of excellent quality for the manufacture of products. The total volume of the discarded samples was 0.6619 m 3 and the volume of the sawn wood corresponded to 0.4158%, that is, there was a yield of 62.82%. The species Angelim rajado was the species with the highest log volume (0.2835 m³) and the lumber (0.1715 m³), but the Cumarurana species had the highest yield (65.84%). A bank of Cumarurana species with dimensions of 125 x 38 x 46 cm corresponding to the length, width and height respectively were produced, valuing the characteristics of the wood itself as the presence of the heartwood and sapwood and a table of the species Angelim cracked with dimensions of 100 x 80 x 78 cm. The use of wood residues of species from Forest Management in the production of furniture is an alternative to the use of these wastes, being feasible its use, since, the same equipment already existing in sawmills and furniture was used, valorized the wood of the Amazon maintaining the characteristics of the species, conferring quality and added value to the products, in addition to enabling the sustainable use of the forest, since it will use certified timber from forest management.