Novas alternativas Biotecnológicas: iscas tóxicas biolarvicida e bio adulticida para prevenção e controle do Aedes aegypti

Abstract

Arboviruses, diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, have become an ongoing threat, especially in tropical regions. Aedes aegypti is one of the mosquitoes that is associated with several public health problems. This vector is responsible for the transmission of the viruses that cause dengue, chikungunya, zika and urban yellow fever. Taking into account that this vector is a synatropic insect, the measures adopted for control are quite complex. Therefore, the most important tool to combat these arboviruses is the preventive control of the vector, before the infestation occurs. This research aimed to develop two new biochemical products in gel form, one with larvicidal action, the other adulticidal, for the prevention and control of the Aedes aegypti vector. During the toxicological tests with the biolarvicide carried out in triplicate and on three different days, evaluated in a period of 24 hours for each test, with treated groups (G1, G2 and G3) and negative control group (CN), it was found that the overall average mortality rate of the treated groups was approximately 95.07%. However, in the negative control group (NC), from the three days of testing, all larvae remained alive. For bio adulticide, toxicological tests took place on three different days, in duplicate, with mosquitoes being observed over 24 hours in each test; with treated groups called G1 and G2, and the negative control group NC. At the end of the 24 hours of the three days, 100% of mosquitoes in groups G1 and G2 died. However, the mosquitoes of the negative control group (CN), in the three days of the tests, remained alive. The final part of this study was the application of the biolarvicide in places with difficult access and with larvae, and the spraying of the bio adulticide on stems and leaves of ornamental plants, in two micro areas with the highest incidence of the vector, in the city of Lupércio / SP, after the first rains in spring 2019. The technique used to spray the toxic adulticide bait, only in plants, eliminates the drift of elements toxic to the environment. It is important to highlight that, according to the agent for combating endemic diseases in Lupércio / SP; in the first half of 2019 there were seven confirmed cases of dengue. However, in the first half of 2020, there was a single case, in March, considered imported, although some nearby cities were in a situation of dengue outbreak.