Pesquisa com seres humanos: a racionalidade ética do sujeito e as exigências do objeto nas dissertações do PPGSS/UFAM

Abstract

The study addresses the topic of research with human beings, with emphasis on ethical rationality, an object of study centered on the relationship between subject and object in the process of knowledge construction. In science there is a theory of knowledge, with three traditional possibilities, namely: objective of knowledge; the subject who knows and knowledge as a product of the cognitive process between subject and object. Not differently, in social work, knowing reality is an objective, but how is the subject and object relationship processed in social research? In this sense, this study has the general objective of analyzing the subject and object relationship from the perspective of ethics in research carried out with human beings by students of the Postgraduate Program in Social Work and Sustainability in the Amazon (PPGSS) of the Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM). Based on this guideline, we outlined the following specific objectives: to verify the panorama of research themes in the dissertations in order to perceive the incidence of debates and the contribution of social workers at the postgraduate level to society; to highlight the ethical values manifested in the choice of the object in the dissertations that involved research with human beings and to identify the ethical requirements of the object/human beings of the research in the dissertations. For this, this work adopted the dialectical historical materialism method, built on the critical-analytical perspective with a mixed, qualitative and quantitative methodological approach. From the point of view of the objectives of the study, we chose to investigate the type of exploratory research; the type of document design, given that the sources are PPGSS dissertations. Finally, it is a basic research regarding the classification as to its nature. The textual analysis of data was a content analysis, and ethical care followed the legal parameters of the National Health Council-CNS, based on Resolution No. 466/2012 and Resolution No. 510/2016. In this way, the main results of this research are: the option for the Dialectical Historical Materialism method is significant in the researches in Social Work glimpsed in the PPGSS; women are the most frequent research participants, totaling 90.5%, revealing that they study women, despite not discussing gender; 67% of surveys are aimed exclusively at non-vulnerable participants; but in 33% of the studies the subjects belong to groups of vulnerable human beings, it is noteworthy that the particularities of vulnerable populations are incorporated in ethical regulations, but there are still invisibilities of these subjects in the daily life of scientific research in the academic field in relation to ethical care ; 33.3% of the dissertations analyzed, in addition to CNS Resolution No. 466/2012, are also based on ethical standards established in Resolution No. 510/2016, a resolution focused on Human and Social Sciences. Finally, the critical reflections made in this study point out some gaps regarding the ethical requirements in the PPGSS, however, very rich research in the scope of social work in the Amazon.