Normais climatológicas, balanço hídrico e classificação climática para a mesorregião Sul do Amazonas

Abstract

The climate can be understood as average atmospheric conditions in a certain region. It directly influences a large part of human activities, especially agriculture in which it helps to define the level of agricultural productivity, conditioned mainly by regional water availability. The climate can be described through the climatic classifications that are based on the delimitation and the description of different climatic parameters in order to systematize and synthesize the large amount of information regarding the climatic characteristics of each region, helping in activities such as urban planning. In this way, this work aimed to update the climatic classification in the southern mesoregion of Amazonas, based on regional water availability. Data were collected for 10 years (April 2008 to April 2018) at the National Meteorological Institute (INMET) automatic meteorological stations located in the municipalities of Humaitá, Apuí, Manicoré, Boca do Acre and Lábrea, Amazonas, Brazil . Data were processed in monthly and annual averages for all cities. For the construction of the provisional climatological normal, the methodology of the World Meteorological Organization - WMO adapted in Brazil by INMET was used and later compared with the two normal ones previously released by the same institute. The climatic classification was made based on the climatological water balance method (BHC) of Thornthwaite and Mather (1955). The descriptive statistics of the data were based on the Monthly Averages (X̅m), Hourly Average (X̅D), Standard Error (SD), Standard Deviation (DP), Median (MD), Variance (V), Curtosis (K) and Asymmetry At). The rainfall pattern, during the year, presented two climatic seasons, one dry, and one rainy season besides transition periods, responsible for 4%, 90%, 6%, respectively of all annual rainfall. The highest temperatures were at 2:00 p.m. and under 6:00 p.m. The highest temperature averages were recorded in the winter-spring transition (27.5 ° C) and the lowest in the summer (24.8 ° C). Manicoré was the city with the highest temperatures. The temperature of the dew point recorded the lowest values in the dry period (May to September) with average of 17 ° C, in which Manicoré, again, presented the highest temperatures. The climatic classification for Humaitá was B4WA'a ', Apuí B2RB'4, Lábrea B2WA', Manicoré AWA'a 'and Boca do Acre B3WA'a', both with moderate water deficiency in winter, with metamérmico climate and with potential Evapotranspiration of less than 48%. Cities differ in moisture content and annual potential evapotranspiration. The climate classification system of Thornthwaite & Matter (1955) made it possible to separate climatic types efficiently through water balances, showing a better accuracy in Köppen's climatic classification, since it is more sensitive to variations in air temperature and precipitation, this incorporates greater specificities of the cities studied.