Estudos Biotecnológicos do Piquiá (Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers.) para aplicação em cosmético

Abstract

Amazonian fruits are rich in bioactive compounds, which have several benefits to human health. These fruits are promising in pharmacological and cosmetic applications, associating the great antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, healing and low toxicity potential. It stands out in this study (Caryocar villosum), popularly known as pi-quia, a native fruit of the Amazon region, species that belongs to the Caryocaraceae family. The pulp of this fruit after cooking is the part most exploited by the population, the extracted oil is applied in the tradi-tional medicine of some peoples. They are rich in phenolic compounds, among them gallic acid and flavonoids. This research investigated the chemical constituents in the hydroalcoholic ex-tracts obtained from the bark, pulp and seed of Caryocar villosum. Exhaustion extraction methods were used to obtain the extracts. The phenolic substances were estimated by the Fo-lin method, techniques (CCD) Thin Layer Chromatography and HPLC/MS (High Perfor-mance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry) in the negative mode, were used to quantify and identify the chemical profiles of the piquia extracts. The in vitro antioxi-dant potential against DPPH* (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazine) and ABTS*+ (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals were evaluated and tested for cytotoxicity and cell viability. The results of TLC and HPLC/MS revealed the presence of major ions, characteristic of phenolic compounds in the extracts: gallic acid, ellagic acid, ellagic acid, rhamnoside, flavonoids and saponins. The phenolics and flavonoids tests, as well as the anti-oxidant tests, confirmed the presence of these compounds correlating with the literature. Through the Folin Ciocalteu method, a significant content of total phenols was estimated in the extracts of the outer bark, 57.66%, inner bark (mesocarp) 53.40%, pulp, 26.80% and seed, 54.50%. The total flavonoids tests revealed higher levels in the outer bark extracts, 95.41% and inner bark 84.41%, compared to the pulp extracts, 27.12%, % and seeds, 44.98%. In the antioxidant tests, the EC, CI, P and S extracts showed activity against DPPH radicals, pre-sented IC50 values of 27.11; 53.48; 79.49 and 56.07 and in the ABTS*+ method IC50 values of 16.13; 33.79; 36.81 and 50.74. The ECEP, ECIP, EPP and ESP extracts, when submitted to the viability test against the VERO lineage (healthy cell line derived from green monkey kidneys), showed viability of 100% in relation to the cell control. Based on these results, it was possible to elaborate artisanal phytocosmetics (perfume and moisturizing formulation) from piquia glycolic extract, which were submitted to preliminary tests and physical-chemical tests, to verify stability, according to the standards of ANVISA. (Agência Nacional de Vig-ilância Sanitária), 2012. Furthermore, in the sensory analysis, the elaborated product was high-ly accepted by the invited participants. These findings highlight the potential of Amazonian fruits such as piquia (C. villosum), enabling application in the cosmetic industry due to their antioxidant properties and bioactive substances, such as phenolic compounds.