Caracterização fisiológica, produção de biocompostos e biomassa em substrato agroflorestal amazônico de Pleurotus e Lentinus.

Abstract

This work presents the analysis of mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq .: Fr.) Kumm. DPUA 1533, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Quél. cv. Florida DPUA 1534, Lentinus citrinus Walleyn & Rammeloo DPUA 1535 and Neolentinus lepideus (Fr.) Redhead & Ginns DPUA 1536, in natural and complex media under different growing conditions to verify production of biocompounds against fungi and bacteria, to evaluate vertical mycelial growth, to analyze the production of proteases and biomass in agroindustrial residues selected by solid fermentation. Antimicrobial activity of mushrooms against Candida albicans DPUA 1336, Cryptococcus laurentii DPUA 1501, Aspergillus flavus DPUA1836, Escherichia coli DAUPE 224 and Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607 was determined by the Gelose Block Method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration. For the production of Pleurotus and Lentinus proteases by solid state fermentation, the cultivations were realized on 200 g of cupuaçu shell + rice husk (CC+CA); cupuaçu shell + bran rice (CC+FA), in flask of transparent glass, humidity 60% and pH 6,0 and the sterilization of the substrates was accomplished at 121 °C/90 minutes for two consecutive days. Each flask was inoculated with 12 agar disks (10 mm in diameter) from stock culture and allowed to fermented for 15 days at 25 °C, without light and mycelial growth was determined in centimeters every 24 hours. For determination of proteolityc activity at 440 nm solution of azocasein 1% (p/v), pH 7,2 was used. L. citrinus was the specie selected for biomass production. In this stage for the accomplishment of the fermentation in the solid-state were prepared 5 kg plastic bags containing different combinations and proportions of cupuaçu shell, rice husk and rice bran. Methods were carried out to evaluate the formation, development of the primordia, total culture time, number of production flows and analysis of centesimal composition of basidiomas of L. citrinus in triplicate. The results demonstrate that the composition of culture media, the time of cultivation, the light and the temperature influence significantly in the growth of Lentinus and Pleurotus species, on culture media analyzed. In the experimental conditions, those mushrooms express antimicrobial activity against most fungi and bacteria tested, however L. citrinus and N. lepideus didn't express antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus flavus. The mixture of cupuaçu shell and rice husk (1: 1) stimulated the vertical growth rate of L. citrinus (13 cm), P. ostreatus (12.6 cm) and N. lepideus (12.3 cm). The best averages of the activity and effect of the proteolytic enzyme extraction conditions were determined in the crude extract of P. ostreatus (24.0 U / g) and L. citrinus (22.0 U / g) obtained in the NaCl 2 solution % at 36 °C and with distilled water at 25 °C. In the biomass production, the best averages of biological efficiency (61.0%), productivity (0.86%), production rate (32.0%) and protein (13.44%) were observed in the formulations different agroforestry substrates that depending on the concentration have demonstrated the viability of the process for the growth and production of L. citrinus DPUA 1535.