Avaliação da produção de celulases e xilanase pela degradação de resíduos agrícolas regionais por fungos da Amazônia

Abstract

Degradation of biomass, plentiful of lignocellulosic materials, is among the more investigated processes, seen its potential for the production of second generation biofuels, with positive impact in reducing the disposal of such waste in the environment. As degrading lignocellulosic materials is a very complex process, an of the most promising alternative is using enzymes from microorganisms able to make it on a sustainable way. The present work aimed to select fungi from different Amazon environments having potential for production of cellulases and xylanase. Five of Penicillium endophytic fungi and five of basidiomycetes were grown at 28 °C and 26 °C, respectively, by 192 h in solid state fermentation (SSF) in 5 g of different substartes: bark and seed of cupuaçu, bark and seeds of the passion fruit, peel cassava, annatto shell, coconut shell, husk guarana, sugar cane bagasse and waste rosewood. Five Penicilium spp. had good growth in bark and seeds of the passion fruit and peel cassava and reasonable growth in husk guarana. Four basidiomycetes grew well to in peel cassava also. After 192 h, qualitative tests showed good results to most Penicillium spp. and some basidiomycetes. On quantitative assays , the best results were for Penicillium sp . 02of the bark passion fruit with the activities of 13.44 IU / mL for CMCase , 0.02 IU / mL for β - glucosidase and 0.02 IU / mL for FPase . The best results were observed for xylanase in annatto shell by Penicillium sp . 04 with 5.12 IU / mL and Penicillium sp. 05 with 4.35 IU / mL. In submerged fermentation , 16 strains were cultured for five days using wheat bran as an inducer . Every 24 h aliquots were evaluated . The strains of Aspergillus niger showed maximum production of cellulase ( CMCase , β - glucosidase and FPase ) whereas Penicillium spp . were better for xylanase production . The activities of both types of enzymes were low for the basidiomycetes . The good results achieved in this research confirm the cellulolytic and xylanolytic potential of endophytic fungi and basidiomycetes Amazon , qualifying them for the production of biotechnological products such as second generation bioethanol and composting , add a value to the agricultural production of the state of Amazonas .