A pesca artesanal na Reserva Extrativista do Lago do Capanã Grande (Manicoré/AM): caracterização, sustentabilidade e governança

Abstract

Extractive reserves make up the group of conservation units for sustainable use and are recognized as an important instrument of environmental public policy in Brazil regarding socio-biodiversity, combining conservation of environmental patrimony and quality of life of its inhabitants. In the Amazon, the model has been widely diffused since the 1990s in the face of environmental problems and pressure from social and environmental movements that defend the combination of the forest and the safeguarding of the traditional way of life. In the meantime, fishing activity is highlighted, and although it is part of a set of other agro-extractive activities practiced in these territories, it is surrounded by complexities and specificities according to the local context in which it is developed. The present work had as main objective to analyze the fishing activity developed in the Lake Capanã Grande Extractive Reserve, located in the city of Manicoré / AM, considering the social, ecological and economic dimensions, as well as its implications in the management and sustainability of the fishing resources. As a methodological strategy, the principles of qualitative research were used, field work to collect primary data from semistructured interviews in the five communities that are part of the UC and secondary data, based on the database provided by the managing body (ICMBio). Thirty five interviews were carried out on socioeconomic and environmental aspects, based on the local ecological knowledge of the inhabitants, including the most caught ethnospecies, visited environments, techniques and instruments used in the fisheries. Subsistence artisanal fishing was the predominant modality, with emphasis on artifacts produced artisanally, including bows and arrows, being configured as a low impact practice, transmitted intergenerationally. Finally, we highlight local environmental governance and inflection with institutional governance, and how they are represented and reflected in the management and management of fishery resources, from the territorial reconfiguration and insertion of the management instruments that resulted in the formation of the deliberative council and fisheries management agreement.