Estudo fitoquímico e bioatividade de extratos de Andira retusa (Poir.) Kunth

Abstract

In this work was realized a phytochemical study and evaluations of extracts and phases of Andira retusa (Fabaceae) regarding activities such as antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial. This is the first chemical and biological study with this species. There was realized two collects of vegetal material, whose extracts were analyzed by TLC. From chromatographic fractionation of dichloromethane phase of barks methanolic extract resulted in the isolation of lupeol and the mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. There were also fractionated: the flowers dichloromethane extract; the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate phases from the barks dichloromethane extract and the ethyl acetate phase from the barks methanolic extract. The NMR 1H spectrum of these extracts and phases showed signs characteristic of terpenes (possibly steroids), aromatic compounds (likely flavonoids and chalcones) and aldehydes groups were observed, but were not possible to isolate the compounds to realize the structural identification. The barks, leaves and branches methanolic extracts, as well as the ethyl acetate and butanolic phases from the barks dichloromethane and methanolic extracts, showed a major antioxidant potencial against free radical DPPH. The extracts of 1 DCM Flower and 2 MeOH Bark showed high cytotoxic potential against Brine shrimp Lethality and on cells L929. All extracts showed low activity against Aeromonas hydrophila. However, when analyzed for antimicrobial activity against other microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), there were observed the activity for the extracts: 1 DCM Branches (1000 μg/mL), 1 MeOH Leaves (1000 e 500 μg/mL) and 1 MeOH Flowers (1000 μg/mL) against S. aureus, 1 MeOH Leaves (1000 μg/mL) against all three microorganisms assayes and 1 DCM Flowers (1000 μg/mL) against S. aureus and E. coli. Of all phases tested, only phase 2 CaM 3.1 (1000 μg/mL) showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. The results of biological activities showed that many of the phases whose demonstrated biological activities came from inactive or with low activity crude extracts, which indicated the importance of fractionating biogically active extract as well as those chemically intere