Floresta estadual de maués como artefato humano: unidade de conservação de papel ou de carne e osso?

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the social participation of the riverside in the process of management of the State Forest of Maués. For this purpose, we sought to map the sociopolitical organization in the riverside communities that belong to Maués State Forest; To identify the form of social participation of the riparians in the Management Council of the Maués State Forest; Understand the power relations that are established in the management of the State Forest of Maués; Analyze the limits and possibilities of social participation in the management of the Maués State Forest. The study aimed to contribute to the scientific academic debate with an approach of public policies in the interdisciplinary field, built in the interface of Sociology, Political Science and Anthropology. As for the methodological procedures, the choice was made by the qualitative research, anchored in the dialectical presuppositions, which allowed during the course of the research to value the contradiction of the observed fact and the creative activity of the subject that observes, as well as the oppositions between the whole and the parts and The links of knowledge and action with the social life of men, the intrinsically dynamic relation between subject-subject. As far as research techniques are concerned, the Infrastructure Form, Semistructured Interviews and Participating Observation were used. Regarding the academic-scientific relevance, this is expressed in this study through: 1 production of new knowledge about democracy and social participation in the management of public policies; 2 an opportunity to produce subsidies for the formulation of Environmental Policies that consider traditional communities as an active agent subject of law; 3 contribution to the debates in different regional, national and international forums on the said theme. In relation to the results, the following stand out: 1 the mapping of social organizations in the riverside communities belonging to the State Forest of Maués - the participation in political parties, cooperative unions and association was mapped; 2 in the COGEF was identified as establishing power relations and it was observed that although peerage power is hierarchical, the state holds the highest power, then the institutional advisers and finally the community councilors in a lower condition; 3 in relation to the analysis of the limits and possibilities of social participation in the management of the Maués State Forest, the different cost of participation was analyzed among the main limits; 4 meetings only take place at headquarters and hinder access by community councilors; 5 have lower incomes and availability of time compared to institutional advisors; 6 lack of technical training; 7 lack of cohesion among community advisers; 8 lack of interaction between institutional advisors and community advisers - are only present at council meetings and have little interaction with one another; Lack of a broader view of political participation and organization. There are several limits and weaknesses found in the participation of community councilors within COGEF, but there is still scope for possibilities for these spaces to become a lever for democracy. The management councils are fruit of popular struggles and demands and civil society pressure for the re-democratization of the country. They create a new non-state public sphere. This is a new pattern of relationship between State and society, because they enable the participation of social segments previously excluded from political decision-making processes. From the results, it is understood that the participation of the riverside in the scope of the GOGEF has not made possible the political emancipation, the council has been limited to be a space of presentation of demands and denunciations. Although the participation of the riverside is still limited and they fall short of emancipatory participation, they still have transformative potential.