Práticas socioculturais e proteção do conhecimento tradicional associado ao uso de plantas medicinais em Caapiranga/AM

Abstract

The practices of use and management of medicinal plants in the Amazon are present in the complex sociocultural context of the traditional peoples, holders of a traditional knowledge associated with the natural resources of the region, who, historically, have established a symbiotic relationship with nature, guided Sustainability principles for socio-environmental and cultural conservation. In the context of debates and discussions at the regional, national and international levels, this knowledge is recognized as a way for research and bioprospecting activities, and can contribute to the advancement of science, technology and innovation, following the signing of the Convention on Diversity Biological (1992). However, small parcels from the commercialization of products created from access to traditional knowledge associated with the use of biodiversity return to the communities in which they originated, thus becoming a contemporary problem in the viability of the rights of traditional peoples over their knowledge. The objective of this study was to analyze the forms of protection of the traditional knowledge present in socio - cultural practices in the use and management of medicinal plants in traditional Amazonian communities. The methodological approach adopted was based on the perspective of social theory, allowing an approach to the reality of the traditional riverside communities in the Amazon, correlating their local singularities and specificities to the global context in its historical, cultural, social and political dimensions, becoming a case study. The field research was carried out in the Santa Maria and Santo Afonso communities in Lago Grande de Manacapuru, under the jurisdiction of the Municipality of Caapiranga / AM, and involved a sample of 20 community members approached through the application of interviews and semi-structured forms, however , Group approach techniques were also used, such as visits and follow-up of the practices, use and management of medicinal plants, dynamics and focus groups that made up the study database. Among the main results of the research, it is possible to enumerate aa) Difficulty of being able to protect traditional knowledge through the Brazilian patent system, since the legal forms of this system recognize individual innovations and do not consider the local and cultural specificities, under the B) Identification of 91 plant species and traditional knowledge about their medicinal use, of which 59 have a technical indication on their properties and use; C) Recognition of the existence of a local and effective strategy for the protection of this traditional knowledge about medicinal plants for decades, without it being written, through oral tradition; d) Identification of a process of loss of knowledge about plant use and management , By the younger generations of the communities. Based on the results of the research, some actions and approaches for an effective protection of the traditional knowledge associated to the riverside context in the Amazon are suggested, such as: 1) construction of a sui generis legal system thought from the culture and 2) Establishment of proposals that reconcile the demands of Law 13,123 / 2015 to the reality of the intellectual property issue (Patent System - Law 10,196 / 2001) and 3) State-of-the-art mapping of shared patent studies based on Sustainability.