Avaliação da resposta imune celular e frequência dos polimorfismos do TLR-4 em pacientes com malária da cidade de Coari, Estado do Amazonas

Abstract

Introduction: Malaria is caused by protozoa, genus Plasmodium, with immunopathogenesis differentiated, related to biological factors to the parasite and the host. According to WHO, there are about 300 to 500 million new cases and one million deaths per year. The pathogenic process initiates by sporozoite inoculation by the vector in the subcutaneous tissues releases merozoites into the circulation forms. Several defense mechanisms are associated with the inflammatory process and the individual's resistance to the pathogen. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the cellular immune response and determine the frequency of allelic polymorphism of Toll-Like Receptor-4 in patients with malaria, the city of Coari-AM. Material and Methods: For this study, samples were collected from 77 patients infected with P. vivax and 58 samples from uninfected individuals. Immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry and levels of cytokines by ELISA and CBA. The determination of the allele frequencies of the polymorphisms of TLR-4 was obtained by PCR-RFLP. Statistical analyzes were performed with the GraphPad Prism 5.0. Results: The results revealed leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, significant increase in the percentage of monocytes, CD4 + T cells and T regulatory cells, and an increase in IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IFN-y in malaria patients compared with controls. Regarding the Thr399Ile polymorphisms Asp299Gly and TLR-4 was observed in heterozygous frequency of 10% and 5% in malaria patients, respectively. Conclusion: Our data suggest that exist a exacerbation of immune response profile with proand anti-inflammatory cytokines acting without direct influence of polymorphisms in the immunopathogenesis of the disease.