Características hidro-geomorfológicas do baixo curso dos Rios Solimões e Negro, e sua confluência, Amazônia, Brasil

Abstract

The Solimões and Negro are very complex river systems, which have different characteristics. Try to understand how they interact hydrological processes along with the fluvial geomorphology is fundamental to understanding the changes that occur in the landscape and in the bed of these rivers. Through bathymetry and hydrological data it was possible to extract information from the morphology and hydrology of the bed in the lower course of the Solimões and Negro sections, and their respective confluence. The study made possible a description of the processes and hydro-geomorphological characteristics that occur at the confluence of the Solimões and Negro, the main result of the identification of the bed morphology characteristics and flow zones found in the confluences studies of large rivers. A possible uniform flow region before confluence in Solimões River, a uniform flow area in the Black River before confluence, there is a flow stagnation zone in the NE end of the island of Xiborena, an area for flow deflection, shortly after high speed region, and a separation zone of the flow at the end there is the recovery zone flow. A region where an erosion valley occurs, associated with regions where there are the deflection of the flow, and also high speeds. Possibly it occurs in a deposition zone submerged bar, after the junction of two channels. Are remarkable transformations that occurred both on the banks of Xiborena Island in the NE direction end, which had a deposited area increase, as in Careiro Island in parallel edge to the Solimões River and the Island Xiborena where there was a great erosion, caused one loss of approximately 800 meters of land.