Biorrefinaria: exploração sustentável de resíduos lignocelulósicos para a produção de cogumelo e bioproduto comestível

Abstract

The current concept of Biorefinery consists in the sustainable exploration of lignocellulosic waste in order to value-added products. Because of that, edible mushrooms are being increasingly targeted, because they are able to colonize different wastes, allowing the production in wastes from nature, ensuring the reuse and reduce environmental impacts. This research aimed to evaluate the growth of P. ostreatoroseus in different culture media, protease production in lignocellulosic waste and to identify a promising waste for basidiome production for food bioproduct development. P. ostreatoroseus was provided by DPUA culture collection from Federal University of Amazonas, and grown on BDA agar supplemented with 0.5% (w/v) yeast extract. The inoculum of P. ostreatoroseus was obtained in five media supplemented with yeast extract (0,5%, w/v): Batata Dextrose agar (BDA), GYP agar (glucose, yeast extract and

peptone), Malt Extract agar (MEA), Purple Yam extract agar [(EIR) Dioscorea alata], Cará- de-espinho extract agar [(CEIN) Dioscorea altissima], Arya extract agar [(EA) Calathea

allouia]. Solid state fermentation at 2:1 (w/w) concentration, 60% moisture in the residues: cupuaçu exocarp (Theobroma grandiflorum), processing waste of açaí (Euterpe oleracea), pineapple peel and sawdust (Ananas comosus), supplemented with rice bran (Oryza sativa) or wheat bran (Triticum aestivum) 0,5% (w/v), sterilized at 121 °C for two consecutive days. For mushroom production, the criteria was used is the significant mycelial density. Biological efficiency, productivity, production rate and loss of organic matter, microbiological quality and the nutritional value of wastes, basidiome and product were determined. Proteases were extracted in sterile distilled water under 180 rpm agitation at 30 °C. Proteolytic activity, effect of inhibitors and ions was determined in 1% (w/v) azocasein solution. The bakery product was prepared as the basis of dehydrated biomass on laboratory scale. Among the media tested, GYP agar was the medium expressing mycelial density. The efficient substrate mixture for P. ostreatoroseus production was observed in açaí processing waste and rice bran. The optimum activity of proteases was observed at pH 5.0 and 40 oC. P. ostreatoroseus has high potential in pharmaceutical, textile, food and chemical industries. The basidiomes produced presented significant content of ash, protein, lipids and fiber. Compared to standard bread, the bakery product with added mushroom presented significant data regarding nutritional value.