Biodegradação de óleo diesel por um consórcio bacteriano isolado do Rio Negro (Manaus, AM) imobilizado

Abstract

Oil is a product of great social and economic importance, related to the high consumption of its derivatives. Its derivatives are made up of a complex of hydrocarbons, polluting compounds that cause severe impacts on the aquatic and terrestrial environment. Over the years numerous techniques have been developed in order to mitigate the negative effects caused to the affected ecosystems. With the advancement of biotechnology, the bioremediation technique has shown promise, and numerous studies have advanced both in the research of consortia capable of degrading the largest number of harmful substances, as well as in the exploration of tools that can increase the efficiency of the action of microorganisms, such as immobilization. The use of organic supports for immobilization by natural adsorption is considered easy to perform, as well as an economical and sustainable alternative. The present work aims to evaluate the degradation efficiency in the immobilized form of the bacterial consortium A3 consisting of Acinetobacter seifertii, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Pseudomonas (new species), collected from Porto do Ceasa, Rio Negro, Manaus-AM. The evaluation of the degradation capacity of hydrocarbons was carried out providing diesel oil as the only source of carbon after 7 days of cultivation at 30 °C. Immobilization was performed in synthetic polyurethane foam support and in lignocellulosic support of cupuaçu bark and vegetable loofah. It was evidenced, from the immobilization in vegetable bushing, an improvement in the efficiency of the degrading capacity by the bacterial consortium A3 in 91.8%, generating an important tool in the fight against the damages caused by oil spills and derivatives in the Amazon region.