A esfera de Riemann: projeção estereográfica e aplicações, uma abordagem para o ensino médio

Abstract

Aiming to contribute to the teaching of basic education, this work will present a simple approach through the use of a well-known technique in antiquity, which is the stereographic projection. This paper will deal with the studies developed by Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866), which demonstrates how to design stereographically a sphere on a plane, called the complex plane. For this, we will show that the use of complex numbers has great relevance for understanding of the techniques commonly used in the development of cartography and other areas. We will present the set of complex numbers and then de ne the stereographic projection and some of its main properties, where we use the Geogebra software version 5.0, seeing that the software produces 3D animations, which will support in understanding the stereographic projection and of their properties by the high school students and teachers. Thus, this research will serve as a motivating element for students and teachers that seek to improve their knowledge because the study by Riemann is based on complex numbers which are studied in the course of primary education.