Urbanização precária na Amazônia Ocidental: o caso de Presidente Figueiredo - AM

Abstract

Understanding occupation patterns in the Amazon and their implications in cities is essential when thinking about urban public policies and territorial planning. The study is supported by authors working on the themes: precarious urbanization, large projects in the Amazon, urban poverty, precarious settlements and unequal urban development. The main authors are: Santos (2008 and 2009), Maricato (2000), Silveira (2012), Cardoso (2016), Harvey (2009), Smith (1988). In this sense, the general objective of the research is to analyze the impacts of large projects in the city of Presidente Figueiredo located in the state of Amazonas, with an emphasis on its urban and economic structure. The work is structured as follows: chapter 1: discussed the theories of urban space production in the Amazon and their main thesis raised for the urbanization of the region, chapter 2: deals with the debate on the indigenous issue of the Waimiri-Atroari people and the socio-environmental impacts of mining activity in the region, in chapter 3: the main issues raised were the role and performance of the State in the face of urban issues, precarious urbanization and housing conditions. The dissertation sought to understand the precarious urbanization of the city of Presidente Figueiredo-AM, from the construction of BR-174, the foundation of the Balbina Hydroelectric and the implementation of Pitinga mining. The study is largely supported by Brazilian Geography authors, among which we can highlight: Carlos Walter Porto Gonçalves, Bertha Becker, José Aldemir de Oliveira, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da Trindade Júnior. The approach is based on the dialectical method and the methodological procedures adopt the use of quantitative and qualitative data. In the data collection phase, platforms such as IBGE, SEFAZ-AM, ANM, FIRJAN, CECAD, IBRAM, among others, were consulted. In the field work stage, questionnaires were applied to local residents, in addition to consultations with municipal public bodies to understand the precarious urbanization of Presidente Figueiredo-AM. The research results were: verification of low indicators in socioeconomic areas of the city, mainly in the sectors of health, income and education, increase in violence and crime, formation of peripheral neighborhoods and inadequate housing conditions in the city of Presidente Figueiredo. The study aims to contribute to the discussions on the urban issue of Presidente Figueiredo, in a more recent cut-off, taking as a starting point the work of Oliveira (2000).