Agrobiodiversidade dos sistemas agroflorestais na Comunidade São Francisco na costa da terra nova em Careiro da Várzea-AM

Abstract

The Amazonian agrobiodiversity has peculiar characteristics that differentiate it from the other Brazilian regions, due to the specific forms of conservation of natural resources and due to the expressiveness of the Amazonian environmental knowledge, generated and pervaded by hundreds of generations. In this sense, the objective of this research was to characterize the agrobiodiversity of the agroforestry systems of the São Francisco community, located in Careiro da Várzea municipality, in the state of Amazonas through the identification of the main species cultivated in agroforestry systems, a description of the management and conservation of vegetal resources by the local populations and the analysis of the use value of the species through the perception of the family farmers of the local flora. It was used the methodology of application of forms and semistructure interview as subsidy in the search of data. The modeling was the qualitative analysis where the plant species found were categorized by the value of use: food, medicinal, aromatic, spice, handmade, timber and others (sale). Fifty family farmers participated in the survey. The data collected were analyzed quantitatively. The geographic coordinates of the points obtained from the study area were georeferenced using GPS (Global Position System) model Garmin Etrex 10 and processed in the Quantun Gis Program. The statistical analysis was based on the value of use of the plant species and the importance value of biodiversity, and also the dominance and diversity of the species was evaluated using the Simpson index. A total of 41 plant species were identified, distributed in 24 families, where the vegetable species were the most productive, with about 72%, followed by medicinal and fruit species. In the management of the vegetal resources was observed in the familiar farmers use of techniques of weeding, heaping and the thinning in the production areas. The conservation of plant species was carried out by storing the seeds and vegetative parts of the plants that will be cultivated for the next year in the dry season. And in the full season the cultivations were carried out with the technique of suspended beds, maintaining the vegetal species in the community. There was also consumption of small, medium and large animal species such as fish, chicken and cattle for in food security in the community.