Banco de plântulas em áreas de exploração florestal de impacto reduzido na Amazônia Central

Abstract

The use of forest resources in the Amazon is still a topic that generates a lot of repercussion and concern, since it has a vast and important biodiversity. However, it is also a fact that the use of its assets generates income for society that depends directly or indirectly on these resources. And one of the alternatives for utilizing forest wood resources without causing major impacts on both local flora and fauna is through Sustainable Forest Management, which uses the reduced impact logging system, which aims to minimize impacts on forestry as much as possible. remaining forest. Therefore, this study aims to study how forest exploitation affects seedling bank regeneration in areas that are directly impacted by this activity, as well as verifying the situation of the physical structure of the soil in the locations of large machine movement. and wood logs. The seedling bank has been studied in three different areas, two of which were explored 10 and 20 years ago and one that has not yet been explored. The areas already explored were subdivided into four distinct environments that are directly impacted by logging, which are the logging trails, the clearings formed by the exploration of the pre-selected individuals, the stockyards and the secondary roads. Plots were installed in each environment, where individuals were measured from 50cm high to 10cm DBH (diameter at breast height). In addition to these data, soil samples were obtained for granulometry, density analysis and penetration resistance test. The areas and environments presented significant differences in their seedling bank densities (p≥0.05) when compared to each other. The species composition in the 10 and 20 year old areas was mainly by species classified as pioneer and without commercial importance, while the unexplored area is composed by species with commercial importance or good potential. As for the soil, it tends to recover and unpack, however this is a slow process and in environments such as the stockyards it is clear that the elapsed time has not yet been able to reestablish these sites. The results showed that the forest in general has positively to the disturbances caused to them during the logging, that is, the impacts caused did not affect their ability to regenerate.