Utilização de espécies vegetais na recuperação de solo sob área degradada Manaus-AM

Abstract

In the Amazon region, a major part of the forest have been overthrow for different uses, such as the use of wood to confection of furniture , to create new roads, build cities, pasture and other uses. Those actions made the soil suffers the direct actions of many tips of process among of these are the abusive wear of the soil, which causes impacts, that can be irreversible furthermore, the soil of those regions are susceptible to erosive process when there is the takeover of the vegetation and depending of the local geomorphology the degradation happens faster, especially when the steepness of the slope is long. Therefore, the initial success in the recovery of a degraded ecosystem depends of the management to be executed in the area and the species to be used. Knowing this, the re-establishment of the ecological process and eventually the full recovery, reducing the erosive process. This study comprehends a evaluation among several vegetable species, with interventions and management tactic to improve the physic-chemistry propriety of the soil and evaluate the growth behavior of the vegetable species in the area. This experiment was realized between the months of January/2010 to April/2011, in the area belonged to Zone SuperintendenceofManaus (SUFRAMA) localized in the neighbor Vila Buriti, south zone of Manaus, AM. The main goal of this project was to evaluate the development and the efficiency of five vegetable species: Ingá-de-metro (Ingá Edulis), Goiaba de anta (Bellucia grossularioide) Guaraná (Paullinia cupana) Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) e a Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala). The secondary goals were: evaluate the alterations in the physics variables (particle size, bulk density,true density, total porosity, macro and micro penetration resistance) and chemical(concentration ofmacroand micronutrients, pH, H 2 O) in the soil; evaluate the water infiltration capacity in soil in the plots of the experiment; monitor the growth of the species and evaluate the quantity and the stock of nutrients inserted in the plots with secondary vegetationchopped(minced poultry) (C, N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe).. Initially, before the plantation of the species, were collected some samples to realize the chemistry and physics analyze, at 20 cm of depth in each plot. With this done, were incorporated on the soil of the plots 1,3,5,7 and 9, 50 kg of minced 11 poultry, every 4 months for the period of 1 year and in the plots 2,4,6,8 and 10, any kind of material were inserted (control plots). After the installation (30 days after) were realized the allometric measures (diameter10 cmof soil,height andcup size). Infiltration and resilience tests were done. After the collect of data in the period of 1 year, then observed that the plots 5 and 6 and 9 and 10, inga and leucena, respectively, had the best development, the species goiaba de anta, cupuaçu, e guarana did not resist in those conditions. The minced poultry shown a positive effect, collaborating to the improve of the soil fertility, the survive of some species and the natural regeneration, enabling a better capacity to make its own functions. The results allows accomplish that the initial success in the recovery of a degraded soil for erosive process depends of the management practices realizes in the site and the use of species with a fast growth and with that, can give a coverage to the soil. Thus, the species inga and leucena are indicated to degraded environmental such as minced poultry.