Biodegradação de Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos (HPA) por rizobactéria em solo de várzea da Amazônia contaminado com óleo diesel

Abstract

The leakage or release of diesel oil in soil and in hydric bodies, due to its composition by toxic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), may lead to changes in the environmental quality of the affected matrices. In this sense, bioremediation has been a well studied technique, considering the existence of many microorganisms that present a degradation capacity of such contaminants. The rhizobacterias, which have a high production capacity for biosurfactants, become a viable alternative because they are non-pathogenic microorganisms and thus safe to plants and animals. Therefore, considering that floodplain soils are regions that are subject to the petroleum derivatives contamination, and considering that rhizobacteria are species that are present in this soil type and can aid in the degradation process, the aim study proposed the determination of the individual PAH biodegradation potential of five isolates of rhizobacteria, and of the consortium of this five species, in samples of floodplain of amazon contaminated with diesel oil. For this, an experiment was carried out using the microbial suspension with 1 × 107 UFC.mL-1 of each bacterial type and the consortium in 500 g of autoclaved soil and diesel oil as carbon source. In addition, were done two samples control: (A) 500 g of autoclaved soil and diesel oil and (B) 500 g of natural soil and diesel oil. After the experiment was set up, the samples were collected for PAH determination at the times zero, 48 hours, 5, 10, 15 and 21 days. After 21 days of the experimentation, the bacteria INPA R574 and INPA 598 degraded 57.37% and 41.53%, respectively, of ΣPAH, while the others had an increase in concentration of ΣPAH. After 2 days, when the best degradation rates were observed, the specie INPA R574 was the microorganism that most stood out. In the treatment of ΣPAH, this bacterium degraded 62.15%, while, individually, it reduced the concentrations of acenaphtene, phenanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene in 86.47%, 44.65% and 79.72% respectively. In the same time, the consortium presented rates of degradation of 64.36%, higher value, however close to the individual rate of INPA R574. The INPA R548 microorganism did not significantly contribute to the degradation of any of the contaminants studied, as well as ΣPAH. The control sample (A) showed relevant degradation rates, suggesting the nutrients added to the control favored the growth of native soil bacteria that were able to degrade the PAH of the diesel added to the samples.