Eventos pluviais intensos e vulnerabilidade socioespacial: Uma análise do espaço urbano e das comunidades rurais Agrovila e Santa Clara em Tefé-AM

Abstract

Every year in Tefé-AM, intense rainfall events associated with the unequal production of space have provided several impacts, which occur differently due to the society structured in social classes. The objective of the research was to investigate the intense rainfall events and the socio-spatial vulnerability in the urban space and in the rural communities Agrovila and Santa Clara in Tefé-AM. The theoretical contribution of the research was based on Geographic Climatology and geography of climate. First, the analysis of rainfall variability between 1970-2020 was performed using monthly and annual precipitation data from the municipality of Tefé-AM available from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) and the analysis of daily intense rainfall events considering rainfall values categorized according to Armond (2014) from 20mm and performed the analysis of extreme rainfall events through the technique of percentiles (90/95/99) and nonparametric Mann-Kendall test. The episodes associated with heavy rains were analyzed through the news of the Newspapers (O Solimões and Portal Tefé News) together with the climatic rhythm. In addition, the mapping of episodes by neighborhood and associated with indicators of socio-spatial vulnerability in the urban area of Tefé was carried out. Interviews were conducted to analyze the impacts of intense events, knowledge and adaptations in the rural communities Agrovila and Santa Clara. The results showed that the intense precipitation events occurred mainly in the months of January to May, the largest records by the class of 20 to 40 mm of daily rainfall and the extreme events have been more frequent in recent decades, with a positive and significant trend. The episodes were related to the occurrence of flooding in streets, difficulty in the circulation of vehicles and people, landslides and collapsing houses. The main atmospheric systems were: Intertropical Convergence Zone, South Atlantic Convergence Zone, Instability Lines and Continental Equatorial Mass. It was verified that the neighborhoods (Abial, Colônia Ventura, Esperança, Jerusalém, Juruá, Multirão, Olaria, Nossa Senhora de Fátima and São João, besides some areas in the Center) are home to the most vulnerable social agents to the episodes. In rural communities, the events intense have affected the people who perceive their greater frequency, and with this, the rhythm of life of the residents has also changed. Therefore, the research contributed beyond the statistical analysis, unveiling the social agents that are more vulnerable to the events and generating subsidies for measures to prevent the events, besides cooperating to reflections about the need for a more just and egalitarian production and reproduction of space.