Estudo das concentrações de óxidos de nitrogênio em área urbana do município de Manaus por analisadores automáticos

Abstract

This work makes a NOx concentrations study in the urban atmosphere of Manaus city, focusing on the specific meteorological influences of the equatorial region. Initially, we make a historical contextualization about atmospheric pollution and fuel oil consumption, making the relation between pollution, city and urban population development. The importance that chemical knowledge has been in this process is pointed out, enphasizing the Chemical Science as the basis for all the human development. The difficulties of energy supply whose origins come from the beginnings of Amazon development, the vehicle fleet increasing and Manaus city atypical growth, are also discussed according to relations that they have with the problems of quality air. Starting from the prior knowledge of the atmospheric composition and fisicochemical fenomena which happen naturally, we seek to understand the effects from the NOx concentration increase, as well as the possible secondary pollutants, produced by photochemical reactions. The NOx emissions data were collected during the period from February to July in 2011, besides the meteorological conditions like temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, pluviosity and solar radiation. The collection was done, near to Industrial District, and Brazil’s largest thermoelectric complex, in the district of Mauazinho. The automated analysers were used, which store the results through a computerized system, and the meteorological data were supplied by Meteorogical National Institut (INMET). The results showed an increasing deterioration of air quality in the region, with 32 overtaking the limits recommended by the World Health Organization, and June was the most polluted month in the months surveyed. It concludes that the high number of TPP's and the climatic conditions in the Amazon Region are decisive for NOx concentration levels. This implies the need to formulate an environmental air quality diagnostic in the city of Manaus and thus, to support the government in establishing the requirements for issuance of appropriate levels, by stationary and mobile pollution sources.