Acolher-educando: estudo de validação de tecnologia educacional sobre fototerapia.

Abstract

Jaundice is one of the most frequent diseases of the neonatal period. Although, in most cases, it is a benign manifestation, it may cause a serious and irreversible neurological disorder, kernicterus, when it is not properly treated or followed up. As a therapeutic solution for jaundice, phototherapy is widely used in intra-hospital environments, both in the mothers’ rooms and in the Neonatal ICUs. Nevertheless, even though phototherapy is a common procedure in clinical practice for professionals, family members of jaundiced newborns sometimes feel insecure or fearful with the choice of treatment and the rendering of this neonatal care. Therefore, educational technology figures as an important ally for the health or nursing professional in dealing with these family members. But, in order that educational technology may properly achieve its goal of encouraging and educating, the content and its appearance must first be validated. Thus the objective of this study is to validate, by means of specialized judges and the target public, a spiral flip book about phototherapy, designed to encourage and educate family members of jaundiced newborn. For this purpose, a methodological development survey was used, with non-intentional probability samples and quanti-qualitative analysis. Data was produced using Likert Scale instruments, which were different for specialist judges and the target public. Nine specialist judges participated in this validation survey, validating the content, while twenty-two subjects from the target public validated the appearance. Eleven of the latter were nurses (subgroup A) and eleven were family members (subgroup B). The quantitative analysis was made by means of the data collection instrument items and the qualitative analysis (Ideo-Central) through the analysis of the content of the descriptions and suggestions made in the data collection instruments and in the technology itself. In terms of content, the quantitative analysis of the spiral flip book achieved an agreement rating of 82.47%, and in the qualitative, the judges made some suggestions of which most were absorbed. In general terms, these same people considered the book useful and promising for developing neonatal health education and for encouraging the relatives of newborn babies. Upon evaluating the appearance of the book, the nurses (while target public) considered it to be valid, with 95.7% of the responses in agreement. This high agreement profile, 97.55%, could also be confirmed in the validation by the relatives. For this reason, it is possible to conclude that this spiral flip book, “The light that cures, the hand that heals” is considered valid as to both its content and its appearance, since it achieved agreement levels well above the limit indicated in the literature (70%). By means of the validation study that was made, the importance that it represents for the researcher during her scientific construction is recognized, as well as for Brazilian neonatal nursing, which will have at hand educational technology with a proven scientific and theoretical basis. It will be, furthermore, valuable for those who undergo the unpleasant experience of having to hospitalize their child with jaundice, since they can be more easily encouraged by the health/nursing team through this educational process. Thus the nurse will be able to encourage and inform the newborn’s family about phototherapy, which is something being promoted and incentivized by the Health Ministry