Atividade antibacteriana das espécies Paullinia cupana kunth. e Ptychopetalum olacoides benth

Abstract

The constant cases of bacterial infections refractory to medication protocols demonstrate the risks involved in rolling resistance. Thus, it is urgent to search for new antimicrobial agents and strategies that will minimize this problem. Paullinia cupana Kunth (guarana) and Ptychopetalum olacoides (marapuama) and endemic plant species are grown in the Amazon region, with availability of raw material for the production of biotechnological products. These species are used in folk medicine as antibacterial, with reports in the scientific literature supporting this activity. This study aimed to obtain a bioactive fraction from extracts of guarana and muirapuama, with the greatest potential, seeing the attainment of a biotech product. To achieve this the material powder Paullinia cupana sorbilis variety [(Mart.) Ducke] and Ptychopetalum olacoides from the municipality of Maués/Amazonas were subjected to exhaustive extraction using different solvent systems, yielding extracts: aqueous, hydroalcoholic , methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane. All extracts were subjected to agar diffusion method, in order to determine the activity against thirteen bacterial strains. The most promising bioactive extracts, guarana hydroalcoholic and ethyl acetate extract of muira puama were monitored by bioautography. The extracts of guarana underwent microdilution technique in order to determine its potential. After these tests, the hydroalcoholic extract of guarana has been selected, the criteria used were: potential antimicrobial spectrum of activity higher and higher throughput. The hydroalcoholic extract was semi-purified by chromatography on aluminum plate, obtaining a bioactive fraction with inhibitory concentrations of 1.25 mg /mL for S. aureus methicillin-sensitive extract (3.12 mg / mL), 0.65 mg/mL for S. aureus resistant to methicillin (extract: no activity), 1.04 mg/mL for B. cereus (extract: 1.56 mg / ml) and 0.65 mg / mL for C violaceum (extract: 6.25 mg / mL). It follows that the bioactive fraction had a higher antimicrobial activity and can be envision the development of new biotechnological products.