Áreas de risco nas bacias hidrográficas urbanizadas de Manaus

Abstract

This paper analyzes the risk areas in urbanized watershed in the city of Manaus, which urban area is composed of tabuliformes hills and has extensive hydrography, in which are settled homes with low infrastructure that added to the susceptibility of the places, enhances the formation of the risks, reinforcing action planning. The goal is to perform the mapping of Manaus risk areas in the historical series of 2005-2015 by river basin and administrative area, identifying concepts and guiding themes in the study risks in river basins for the purpose of environmental planning. In order to address the formation of the risks, aiming to forecast impacts on the city, faced with the methodological need for studies that integrate elements of nature and society, so the use of geosystemic approach and socio-training. Empirical data were collected in field work, and secondary data provided by SEPDEC, in the temporality of 2005-2015, in addition to consultations with institutional technical reports, and selection of newspaper news regarding the events occurred, which showed specific situations of the city . The spatial units of Manaus that presented risk areas in those eleven years of analysis were the basins of Puraquequara, Tarumã, Colônia Antônio Aleixo, Mauazinho, São Raimundo and Educandos, of which the latter two had higher quantity of flood events and slips, being densely populated. The mapping administrative area indicated that the northern and eastern areas have higher number of events, and susceptibility to landslides; and more susceptible to the south side; floods / flooding, in proximity to the edge of the Rio Negro, being directly influenced with his fluviometric variation. The years of exceptionality are presented with greater sum of events in mapping were: 2007 and 2014. The first marked by episodes April rain, and second, the Black River flood. You can identify a risk of seasonality in Manaus. Partly predictable when observing the period of precipitation and the regime of ebbs and flows of the Rio Negro system / Solimões. The exceptionalities such as episodes of heavy rains (April 2007) and major floods (2009 and 2012) if espacializaram in the city in varying degrees of impact, identified from its social aspects, such as housing conditions, access to information by its citizens; reflected in the volume of notifications, and forms of media approaches in the event, impacting actions of the government.