Um olhar sobre os conflitos no território ribeirinho da Ilha do Capim - Abaetetuba-PA

Abstract

The advance of big capital to the Brazilian Amazon region, in the post-1950 context, evidenced a resignification of strategies of colonial explorations in Brazil, forms of domination of the territory and of natural resources that significantly impacted the social and territorial relations between the populations traditions living there. Abaetetuba, in the State of Pará, interspersed with this prism of colonialist hegemonic developmentalism, the big capital has been seeking to transform the municipality into a large logistical corridor for agribusiness from projects of port facilities to be territorialized in the riverside floodplains. The popular mobilization units, for that, are activated, which are the mobilization organizations activated by the traditional peoples of the municipality, which are people from the riverside and people from the riverside-quilombolas, who seek to defend the territory against the advance of big capital. A context of conflicts is created, that is, conflicting scenarios from different forms of territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization, are the territorial conflicts between territorialities and different forms of appropriation of the territory, as well as these forms of management affect the biophysical environment, the environment, instituting territorial/socio-environmental conflicts. Capim Island, the locus of this study, is a geographic point where these conflict contexts are well highlighted in Abaetetuba, on the one hand, the conflict takes place in relation to the socio-environmental impacts arising from the Mining-metallurgical-port Complex of Vila do Conde in Barcarena-PA, from another, a new project for a port installation presented by the multinational Cargill, which aims to insert itself in a riverside settlement area to the west of the island, triggers popular mobilizations, further fomenting the conflict. Thus, this dissertation sought to understand from theoretical-documentary surveys, the contexts of territorial conflicts present in the riverside territory of Ilha do Capim, Abaetetuba-PA. As specific objectives, the aim was: (1) to analyze and understand the historical genesis of social formation of the people from the riverside in Abaetetuba, the way of life as well as the processes of land tenure regularization/recognition of the riverside territory and (2) to know and demonstrate the state of art/knowledge of territorial/socio-environmental conflicts on Capim Island in bibliographies and documentary collections. We adapted the research to the theoretical-documentary character due to the implosion of the COVID-19 pandemic that forced us to stop out fieldwork and personal contacts, directing us to an analysis based on academic productions and documentary collections on these conflicts, produced between 2017 and 2021, what we understand as the State of the Art or the State of Knowledge – a bibliographic/documentary review methodology that seeks to collect data on a given topic in several collections, electronic or not, in order to understand the proposed discussions on this topic in a given period of time. We identified the contexts of territorial and socio-environmental conflicts from the academic productions of Furtado (2019); Marçal et al., (2019); Mosque; Alves (2020) and Santos; Pine; Santos (2019). As well as from documentary collections such as the Boletim Cartografia da Cartografia Social – Ilha do Capim (2017) and the Public Letter of Complaint (2021). From this collection, we identified that the contexts of territorial and socio-environmental conflicts that develop on Capim Island are drawn from the violations of Agrarian Law and Environmental Law, and the people from the riverside currently seek the security of these Laws from the Convention 169 of the International Labor Organization - ILO, as traditional population of laws, who seek these Agrarian and Environmental Law as Human Law. This means reaffirming socio-environmental governance as r-existence, in order to decide which projects they want for their territories, which endogenous development proposals are beneficial, for this reason the principle of Prior, Free and Informed Consultation is so important for these peoples, the power of self-management over their land-territories of life and over their future.