Sistemas sociais de produção da castanha da Amazônia (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) no município de Manicoré/Am

Abstract

This work intends to present a contribution to the discussions about the social and environmental sustainability of extractive production of nuts (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) played by traditional communities. Are described and analyzed two production systems in communities of Manicoré, in the Amazon: the Traditional, representing the Mocambo and the New, represented by the community Democracia The data analyzed correspond to two years: 2008 and 2009 and were obtained during interviews with Brazil nut gatherers and rural leaders with the help of semi-structured questionnaires and digital recorder, as well as direct observation and consultation documents. The communities have similar issues with regard to the number of families, primary forest product and time of existence of the community differ in regard to the social organization of work and production. The results demonstrate that different factors, including the opening of social participation, the adoption of new technologies, new forms of territorial management, new tools for land tenure, support from external agents governmental organizations were instrumental in the transformation of Traditional system (Community Mocambo) to a New System Community (Democracia). The systems have very contrasting and structural differences in this study were evaluated by three factors: production, income and expenses of the organization. The traditional system can be depicted as low-governance resulting from debt collectors using the instruments of subordination used by employers and hucksters which is aggravated by the non-adoption of technological advances that improve the quality and value of the product. The fruit of the new system of coordinating collective action, needed to be consolidated high investment in human capital formation and financial resources to support training activities and effective participation of all involved in decision making processes that resulted in the empowerment of communities. From the standpoint of the costs of social organization, collective action has proved advantageous when compared to individual action, as both individual and collective costs were higher than in Mocambo in Democracia. The annual household production and considering all factors of production, the linear regression model explains 87% of the variation and the production system, as an explanatory variable, was highly significant (p = 0.004). What supports the hypothesis that increased production observed in Democracy is associated with more efficient production system. From the standpoint of income and Brazil nut gatherers household budget, it was found that in Democracia families have a higher income that is invested primarily in the acquisition of durable goods and home repairs (57%), while income from the Mocambo Brazil nut gatherers is used mainly in food and clothing (90%) So, clearly demonstrates the importance of the high-governance from the standpoint of social and economic establishment of a new dynamic where social and environmental results are significant for biodiversity protection and transformation of social organization extraction and production.This work intends to present a contribution to the discussions about the social and environmental sustainability of extractive production of nuts (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) played by traditional communities. Are described and analyzed two production systems in communities of Manicoré, in the Amazon: the Traditional, representing the Mocambo and the New, represented by the community Democracia The data analyzed correspond to two years: 2008 and 2009 and were obtained during interviews with Brazil nut gatherers and rural leaders with the help of semi-structured questionnaires and digital recorder, as well as direct observation and consultation documents. The communities have similar issues with regard to the number of families, primary forest product and time of existence of the community differ in regard to the social organization of work and production. The results demonstrate that different factors, including the opening of social participation, the adoption of new technologies, new forms of territorial management, new tools for land tenure, support from external agents governmental organizations were instrumental in the transformation of Traditional system (Community Mocambo) to a New System Community (Democracia). The systems have very contrasting and structural differences in this study were evaluated by three factors: production, income and expenses of the organization. The traditional system can be depicted as low-governance resulting from debt collectors using the instruments of subordination used by employers and hucksters which is aggravated by the non-adoption of technological advances that improve the quality and value of the product. The fruit of the new system of coordinating collective action, needed to be consolidated high investment in human capital formation and financial resources to support training activities and effective participation of all involved in decision making processes that resulted in the empowerment of communities. From the standpoint of the costs of social organization, collective action has proved advantageous when compared to individual action, as both individual and collective costs were higher than in Mocambo in Democracia. The annual household production and considering all factors of production, the linear regression model explains 87% of the variation and the production system, as an explanatory variable, was highly significant (p = 0.004). What supports the hypothesis that increased production observed in Democracy is associated with more efficient production system. From the standpoint of income and Brazil nut gatherers household budget, it was found that in Democracia families have a higher income that is invested primarily in the acquisition of durable goods and home repairs (57%), while income from the Mocambo Brazil nut gatherers is used mainly in food and clothing (90%) So, clearly demonstrates the importance of the high-governance from the standpoint of social and economic establishment of a new dynamic where social and environmental results are significant for biodiversity protection and transformation of social organization extraction and production.