Crescimento, nutrição, produção de frutos e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão-de-metro

Abstract

The productive yield of the bean plant is linked to seeds of high physiological quality, which in turn, is the expression of maximum germinative power and vigor. Obtaining quality seed is conditioned by several factors such as the nutritional status of the parent plant, the time of harvesting the seed and the processing (drying). Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate whether pod harvests and seed drying influenced the storage time and physiological quality of the bean seeds. Objective II: To evaluate if P influences the physiological quality of bean seeds. Objective III: To evaluate the growth and progression of nutrient absorption during the crop cycle. The highest germination results (87%) were obtained at the harvest time of the pods at 15 DAA when the seeds remained dry inside the pods. When the seeds dried out from the pod the most indicated is to harvest at 14 DAA (84%). Storage should be carried out up to 6 months when they are dried out of the pod. In the drying mode of the seeds that remain in the pod, the maximum storage time is up to 12 months. In relation to the nutritional status of the plant, the different doses of P, influenced the growth, the absorption, the production and the physiological quality of the seeds. The dose of 1.5 mmol L-¹ was indicated by the quadratic adjustment model as the dose of maximum economic efficiency. The critical level of deficiency and toxicity at 35 DAE (time of nutritional diagnosis) was 6.9 to 8.4 g kg-¹, and at 60 DAE (end of the experiment) it was 10.7 to 13.3 g kg-¹, respectively. Three different phases of vegetative growth (0 to 30 DAE), reproductive phase (31 to 60 DAE) and senescence (61 to 80 DAE) were also identified for the bean plants. The sigmoidal equation is the model that best represented the growth curve of the plants. The nutritional management of the crop should be carried out up to 45 DAE. The order of total extraction of macronutrients by the plant at the end of the cycle was Ca> K> N> P> S = Mg and of micronutrients Fe> B> Mn> Zn> Cu.