Perfil clínico de recém-nascidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal no Amazonas, norte do Brasil : estudo observacional, retrospectivo

Abstract

Introduction: Brazil is the 10th country in the world with the highest rate of preterm birth in the world, and the northern region of Brazil has the highest percentage of deaths in this population. However, few epidemiological studies exist on the clinical profile of newborns (NBs) born in the north of Brazil.Objectives: Characterize the clinical profile of NBs in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of high complexity, in a reference maternity hospital to risk pregnancy in Manaus/Amazonas. Methods: It was an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical, retrospective study involving NBs hospitalized between the periods of 2014 to 2016 in a NICU of high complexity in a Public Maternity of reference to high-risk pregnancy of the city of Manaus – Amazonas. The study followed all the required criteria involving research with human beings, being approved by the Ethics Committee in Research (CAAE: 82751217.3.0000.5613, parecer: 2.556.757). To analyze the quantitative data, when accepted the hypothesis of normality through the Shapiro- Wilk test, the average and the standard deviation (SD) were calculated. The level of significance set in the statistical tests was of 5%. Results: Were included in the present study 550 NBs hospitalized in the NICU. The majority were male (53.2%), presenting low weight at birth (71.0%), with gestational age <37 weeks (74.9%) and Apgar 8 to 10 in the 1° and 5° minute. The neonatal respiratory distress syndrome was the respiratory disease with higher percentage of hospitalization with 64.9%, followed by Pneumonia (26.7%) and early Sepsis (6.6%). When correlating maternal and neonatal variables to death outcome, it was observed the highest mortality rate in NBs that had less than 6 prenatal appointments (p=0,030), very low birth weight and extremely low weight and Apgar <7 in the 1° and 5° minute (p<0.05). Conclusion: The NBs hospitalized in the NICU of high complexity in the north region of the country were, mostly male, having low weight at birth and premature. It was observed higher frequency of mortality in NBs with less than 6 prenatal appointments, very low weight and Apgar minor than 7 in the first and fifth minute.