Economia circular: avaliação das ações da gestão pública municipal no processo de construção de uma cidade inteligente à luz da sustentabilidade econômica – o caso de Manaus/AM

Abstract

With the evolution of humanity, the way of living in cities gained new contexts. Today, a large part of the world's population lives in heavily populated areas. These areas concentrate numerous problems, including: lack of housing, unemployment, intense production, incorrect waste disposal, environmental degradation, etc. Within this context, numerous aspects were being discussed and several concepts were being created, including urban sustainability. Cities would be one of the challenges to achieving sustainable development, given that the world population will continue to grow, and much of this growth will occur in these environments or will be directed towards them. Sustainable cities would then be an alternative to mitigate the socio-environmental and economic losses that these locations may experience, because there are cities that develop their activities in a linear manner (extracting natural resources, producing products and discarding them when their usefulness ends), and this without any alternative to modify their actions in the short term. A city, inserted in this context, needs a transition in its economic system, going from the linear economy to the circular one, which modifies the mode of production and consumption, combining technology with economic development to generate social well-being, through conscious use environmental assets and the reformulation of product marketing and consumption methods. In this sense, the following problem arises in this research: to what degree are the experiences considered successful in urban environments in Brazil and the world, which characterize a smart city, being practiced in the city of Manaus/AM? The study was limited to the City Hall of the city of Manaus, to evaluate in specific Secretariats, the existence of links aligned with the Circular Economy (CE), in this location. The general objective is to evaluate the degree of implementation of characteristics related to smart cities in the city of Manaus. The research is characterized as an exploratory and descriptive Case Study with a qualitative-quantitative approach. The study is of a pure nature, starting from an initial survey, where data collection, systematic literature review and the application of a semi-structured questionnaire were carried out for the following municipal public administration bodies in the city of Manaus: Instituto Municipal de Urban Mobility (IMMU); Municipal Secretariat for the Environment and Sustainability (SEMMAS); Municipal Secretariat for Labor, Entrepreneurship and Innovation (SEMTEPI); Municipal Institute of Urban Planning (IMPLURB); and to the Municipal Comptroller General (CGM). The data was processed using fuzzy methodology calculations, which, through the responses of each entity, were classified on a scale of 0 to 2 points, transformed into trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, and inserted into a table of indicators, according to each axis. Considering the total of the axes, practically 50% of the sample universe obtained a score between weight 0 and weight 1, with a greater negative influence for Mobility and Transport; Environment; and Urbanism. The analysis of the results focused on those points that were classified as unsatisfactory, so SWOT Matrices were constructed to discuss which Strengths and Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats could be related to the performance of Municipal Public Administration bodies. On the scoring scale, the city reached a total of 61 points, not enough to classify Manaus as a Smart City. Therefore, good practices were suggested to the Public Authorities, so that they function as an object to mitigate the risks that are associated with the linear economy in the city of Manaus, thus proposing a necessary transition towards circularity in this location.