Avaliação dos processos de gestão ambiental em fragmentos florestais urbanos públicos na cidade de Manaus

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the legal instruments on the protection of the Urban Forest Fragments - UFF, and understand how neighborhood groups perceive, value and react to the presence of these green areas in the urban landscape. The study was conducted in four UFF: Mundo Novo, da Ilha, Mindu Park and Samaúma Park in the city of Manaus. The study was descriptive and exploratory and in its design was a field study. The information was obtained through the application of structured interviews to the people living around the Novo Mundo and da Ilha fragments, with 69 respondents in total and semi-structured interviews for managers and former managers, totaling 7 respondents of Mindu and Samaúma parks. The results showed that despite the UFF being listed as specially protected territorial spaces, the municipal urban and environmental legislation does not guarantee effective legal protection to them. For these spaces have appropriate legal protection, they should be established as protected areas in accordance with the SNUC law (federal level), or SEUC law (state level), as well would have to set limits and dominion, allocation and proper management. The results showed that despite the FFU being listed as specially protected territorial spaces, the municipal urban and environmental legislation does not guarantee them effective legal protection. For these spaces have appropriate legal protection, should be established as protected areas in accordance with the law of SNUC (federal level), or SEUC (state level), because that way, they would have clearly defined limits and dominion, destination and local management. It was observed that the perception and appreciation of UFF by residents may be associated with residence time and that this perception can be influenced by local context. Thus, contrary to expectations, the effect of proximity can result in a "devaluation" of UFF in the perception of residents in places where the fragment is associated with the occurrence of criminality that generates the feeling of insecurity. This finding reinforces the need to establish forms of protection to UFF allowing their public uses in security conditions and in order to achieve the participation of society in protection actions. Finally, for the good governance of Forest Fragments transformed into protected areas is also necessary that a greater involvement of local society be guaranteed in the decision-making processes so that these protected areas become successful examples of management to be replicated in other urban green areas not protected yet.