Estudos hidrológicos como subsídio para a melhoria do acesso dos alunos do ensino fundamental às escolas ribeirinhas na bacia do Tarumã-mirim, Manaus/AM

Abstract

This study aims to raise hydrological subsidies to help improving access to educational units within the Tarumã-Mirim basin. This basin has seven public schools that provide a boat transportation service for their pupils. At times of the year, these vessels cannot enter the streams that make up the basin because of the hydrological variations. Thus, the schools and their social and educational aspects were identified. We sought to identify, using rainfall and gauge data, the months for which the access of teachers and students to these establishments is facilitated. Gauge and rain data were monitored on a daily basis at a hydrological station called Tarumã Mirim (ETM), created for this study at the school Raul Pompeia. The data from this station was compared to the data of the Rio Negro gauge at the port of Manaus. We analyzed the rainfall along with the stage levels within the basin and their influence on the local regime. The investigation of school transport routes and their variability within the hydrological cycle was apprehended via statistical means. The historical time series of the hydrological station at the port of Manaus was analyzed and correlated with the gauge data collected during the year 2011 at the ETM. The school transport routes were determined using GPS. Thus, it was possible to identify the layout of the trails traveled by boats during periods of high and low water. The data were plotted on the Geographic Information System (GIS) platform for thematic mapping. Based on the information obtained from this study, it was proposed to create subsidies for the development of an appropriate school calendar with respect to local hydrological regimes.