Bactérias produtoras de Lipase e aplicação no processo de DE Hidrólise do óleo de Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.)

Abstract

The biotechnology industries look for new products or in the improvement of the already existent processes with the use of the genetic available resources. The recent advancements in areas as metabolic roads and directed evolution of the protein, they indicate an exchange of the paradigm of the traditional biology to biotechnology. This work presents a selection of bacteria producer of lipase, with the objective to apply the enzyme in the Buriti oil hydrolysis. Of 440 activated bacteria, 181 isolated ones were effectively tested in medium inductors. Of this total, 75 isolated ones (41 %) showed lipase production. The enzymatic activity were tested in different temperatures (30º, 35º, 40º, 45ºC), with the enzymatic activity lessening with the increase of the temperature. To 30ºC had to peak of enzymatic activity. After 72 hours of cultivation in Petri dishes containing olive oil as substrate, the enzymatic index was valued through the relation beTween the diameter of the halo around the colony and the diameter of the colony. The isolated they were classified in different categories according to the enzymatic activity. Of isolated tested, twenty four were selected for the quantitative lipase tests and also for the affinity tests to Buriti oil in Petri dishes. After, it was possible to select six streams (INPA P-106; INPA P-108; INPA P-124; INPA P-798; INPA P-803 and INPA P-799). There were no significant differences beTween the six bacterias and they all were selected for the tests of enzymatic hydrolysis of the Buriti oil. The enzymatic hydrolysis was analysed by Response Surface Methodology. The selected bacterium (INPA P-798) presented the biggest affinity regarding the Buriti oil when were compared with others five bacterias. The profit of the hydrolysis with the precipitate enzyme (33,84 % fat acid free ) was superior to that of the purified lipase and crude extract results. The optimal activity were beTween 6,0 and 8,5 pH values above 3 hours. The extracellular lipase was purified by Sephadex G-25 gel and his kinetic analysis it presented the best activity 55ºC and pH 8,5. The lipolytic enzyme was promoted by CaCl2 and ZnSO4 that increase of the activity in 22 % and 18 %, respectively. The activity was inhibited by MgSO4 in 13%. The specific activity of the lipase purified was Vmax = 12500 μM p-NP.mL-1 e Km = 1,125 μM p-NP.min-1. The selected bacteria is a Burkholderia cepacia, a classic producer of lipase.