Desenvolvimento de nanocápsulas contendo óleo de Copaifera reticulata Ducke

Abstract

Polymeric nanoparticles such as nanocapsules are carriers for drugs systems which have a diameter of less than 1 µm, composed of a lipophilic core surrounded by a polymeric wall and stabilized by surfactant. They have been important in pharmaceutical field due to their therapeutic potential, such as improved drug bioavailability and reduced adverse drug effects. Copaifera reticulata Ducke is a species of the genus Copaifera which is extracted an oleoresin called copaiba oil, widely used in different regions of the country, especially in the Amazon region. This oil has been used popularly as anti-inflammatory, healing, antiseptic, anti-tumor, among other activities. However, the diversity of chemical substances present in the oil, combined with the high temperatures of the Amazon region, favoring reaction processes decreasing the therapeutic and chemical stability of the product, and difficult to obtain derived products with quality. Thus, the study aimed to obtain nanocapsules containing oil of C. reticulata using solvent displacement or interfacial deposition method. Initially, were obtained and characterized different Copaiba oil (C. multijuga Hayne and C. reticulata) through physical-chemical analysis: density, refractive index, viscosity and chromatographic analysis. For the development of nanocapsules was used a factorial design type 22, replicated, which assessed the influence of two types of polymers (poly-ε-caprolactone and poly lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) and two different concentrations of oil-resin C. reticulata (2.5% and 5.0%) on the average particle diameter, zeta potential and pH of the nanocapsules obtained. Furthermore, they were characterized by the distribution of the average particle diameter, polydispersity index, rheology, encapsulation rate, and conducting a preliminary stability study for a period of 120 days. The physico-chemical characterization study of the oils of C. reticulata and C. multijuga showed that there is a significant difference between some parameters studied intra and interspecies variations. The major constituent for oil from C. reticulata was the β-bisabolene and for different oils C. multijuga studied the main constituent was β-caryophyllene. The preparation and characterization of nanocapsules showed adequate parameters for them, even showing a preliminary stability. Nanocapsules containing 2.5% oleoresin of copaiba and formed by poly-ε-caprolactone showed, in general, the best physico-chemical parameters. Thus, it was possible to obtain nanocapsules containing C. reticulata Ducke within acceptable parameters, which still need to be optimized to provide the future development of a final pharmaceutical form.