Análise espaço-temporal do sistema fluvial Solimões-Amazonas: alterações hidrogeomorfológicas e a geodiversidade no Médio rio Amazonas

Abstract

The relation between Society and the produced environmental by white waters river metamorphoses is complex, in this landscape the hydro-geomorphological units go through appropriation by the riverside’s way of life shape the Amazon River mid-course geodiversity. This research study area focusses in the Iranduba e Careiro da Várzea municipalities’ floodplain environment, and in its intrinsic relation among river dynamic’s factors and process alongside riverine society way of life. Based in this brief contextualization, the main objective is Comprehend the geomorphological units’ patterns and tendencies that are produced river metamorphoses, as well as analyze the complex relation between human society and the elements that mold and shape the Solimoes-Amazon River mid-course geodiversity. The secondary objectives are: a) Identify hydro-geomorphological factors, process and forms that intertwine to Way of life imprint at Amazon River mid-course; b) Cartograph hydro-geomorphological forms which are part of the study area geodiversity; Characterize the changes in riverine the way of life as from river dynamics and landscape evolution between 1980 to 2020. The approach method is based on the investigation of the parts that form the systemic whole, represented in the landscape’s imprint and analyzing via Complexity Paradigm. The procedural method consists of the applicability of geomorphological research that comprises the theoretical framework, fieldwork and the use of geotechnologies. The results obtained present as integrating components of the impression of the landscape, the structural, geomorphological, hydrographic and anthropic elements that, when interrelated, promote the continuous search for the adjustment of environmental systems and the maintenance of the riverine way of life. The hydro-geomorphological mapping presents the relief units constituted by the plateau areas known regionally as Terra Firme (High Lands), the Negro River floodplain, and the Solimões-Amazonas river system varzean. In the floodplain areas, a predominantly average slope (20%) was identified, not exceeding values of 60m in altitude on land subject to flooding. The accumulation models mapped were the river islands and lateral and central sediment bars, while the river systems mapped were the river channels of the main courses, the floodplain lakes, holes, paranás, the lakes adapted to tectonics, river rias and streams. The evolution of sediment deposition mapping the over a 38-year space-time period (1984-2022) confirms the hypothesis of increased alluvial deposition in a section of the study area, located between Manchataria Island and downstream of Curari Island. The geomorphological units and the accumulation models are suitable and use by riverine societies whom adjust to the rainfall-river dynamics promoting the organization of its units and interactions, prolonging and imprinting their Way of life in the landscape. The dynamic discribe ij this área is recorring in this river floodplain, the rainfall-river water dynamics drive the relation between man and environment, conditioning the use typologies of land, water and other elements belonging the landscape whom are part of Amazon River mid-course geodiversity.