Análise produtiva de sistemas agroextrativistas de Açaí-da-mata (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) na Amazônia central

Abstract

The extractivism, which produces so-called non-timber forest products, provides for the subsistence of traditional populations, alluding to forest conservation and poverty alleviation. In addition, this process has been changing over the years, considering the reality of the populations that live from this activity and according to market interests, one of the products suggested by this model is the cultivation and extraction of açaí, suggested by an increase in demand, made by farmers and agroindustries. The objective of this study is to characterize the different agroextractivist production systems (native forest, backyards, consortia and monoculture). The area of this study was the municipality of Anorí, located in the State of Amazonas, distant 194.5 km in a straight line, on the right bank of the Solimões river. The following production systems were considered: (i) native forest, (ii) backyards, (iii) consortia and (iv) monoculture. From these four models, other factors were analyzed to describe these production areas, through descriptive analysis, considering ecological information such as: structure, fertilization, irrigation, light, history of the areas, technical assistance, government subsidies. Seventeen parcels were installed, where there was no standardization, neither for systems nor for areas, while the form and model are indicated as the standard to achieve a good production, at least in an orderly and continuous way. There are only investments in fertilization in domesticated systems, there is no irrigation, but there are already some empirical tests on spacing, observing for example how light intensity can optimize production. In addition to information on some management indications, it seems to be much more tied to the owner of the area than to the need of the species. The evaluations carried out to understand these production systems, conclude that there is no standardization, for any established model, being mainly dependent on the owners of each of the areas, their economic availability, their traditional knowledge, the availability of technical assistance. In addition, the few available information comes from a species of the same genus, but that in almost nothing shares the same characteristics, mainly those that provide greater interferences, like light, water and nutrient. Nevertheless, there are areas with different behaviors and histories, which does not leave the definitions for a production protocol. In addition, the physiological characteristics of the plant end up modifying along the gradient, only suggesting possible interventions on how to treat the species.