II Fase da política de expansão da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica no Amazonas: acesso ampliado e precarizado à educação pública

Abstract

Refers the creation of Federal Institute's institutionality and the expansion of Professional and Technological Education's Federal Network. Addresses the Federal Government's actions in the Amazon context mediated by the institutionalization of Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas (IFAM) and by the implementation of mid-level technical courses in the municipalities of Lábrea, Maués, Parintins, Presidente Figueiredo and Tabatinga - municipalities included in the second phase of expansion of that Federal Network. This thesis work - with theoretical and documental nature - aims to analyze the contradictions of offering mid-level technical courses in IFAM's campuses deployed in those municipalities in relation to the demand of the courses and the specificities characteristics of economic development. The theoretical and methodological categories of historical and dialectical materialism - totality, contradiction and mediation - engendered literature review, the documentary survey and the organization and analysis of information collected. Second phase analysis of expansion of that Federal Network inside the Amazonas state revealed the public-private partnership as a contribution of the expansion process of the federal institutions of professional and technological education; the linking imposition of professional education's public offering to economic development strategies through the Local Productive Arrangements (APLs); the priority in offering technical courses of mid-level; offering these courses in classroom and distance modalities and in the integrated and subsequent forms; the quota policy for filling vacancies. The emphasis on the relationship between supply and demand of these courses on campuses showed that access to public education within the Amazonas state, has been expanded. However, the comparison between supply and demand of the courses revealed that most of the vacancies are for subsequent courses and also a significant quantity of vacancies were idle and/or were filled by extra calls. Furthermore, regarding the economic characteristics of the municipalities, it was pointed out that only a few implanted courses can be articulated to APLs; that all references to this category are general and do not show practical actions; that the Regional Economic Activity Research identifies the demand for technical training in formal employment realities; that, in the analyzed municipalities, formal employment is very limited or has negative balances in the relationship between hired and fired. Evidences of how the second phase of expansion policy of the Federal Network was implemented on IFAM campuses are antagonistic to the categories Integrated Education and Polytechnic Education. This antagonism gave rise to the access thesis expanded and precarious public education within the Amazonas state. It is inferred that the largest and most important challenge of IFAM campuses is ethical-political: meet the legal requirement of working class formation to the labour market, transforming the conditions under which that requirement is established, in order to ensure education integrated as a principle and a break with professional profiles outlined in behaviors and attitudes necessary to the market so that process of internalization of the institution would constitute in a condition of access and permanence to public, free and socially relevant education.