Perfil epidemiológico de gestantes com HIV no município de Coari – AM: estudo Retrospectivo

Abstract

Introduction: Since the 1980s, when Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) first emerged, the pandemic has evolved significantly, affecting all social groups, especially pregnant women, a vulnerable group due to biological characteristics that facilitate viral infection, posing risks to both mother and baby, including a higher risk of vertical transmission (VT) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other complications during pregnancy. Objectives: To investigate the epidemiological profile of pregnant women with HIV in the municipality of Coari, Amazonas. Method: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative, descriptive approach conducted in the municipality of Coari, in the interior of Amazonas, using HIV cases in pregnant women from the Department of Health Surveillance (DEVISA) database covering the period from 2013 to 2022 as the source of information. The data were obtained from a secondary data source, extracting sociodemographic information and information on the evolution of cases. Results: Twenty-five cases of HIV in pregnant women were recorded during the study period. It was observed that from 2017 to 2020 there was a higher concentration of records, with a peak in 2020 (24%). A fluctuation in the incidence of HIV in pregnant women was observed throughout the period, with a peak followed by a sharp drop in 2021. The average age was 23±22 years. Most (96%) of the pregnant women self-identified as brown, had completed high school (56%), and were mostly housewives (72%). Regarding the timing of notification, 44% were identified in the first trimester of pregnancy. Adherence to prenatal care was 96%, and 84% of pregnant women used antiretrovirals during pregnancy. The predominant type of delivery was cesarean section (56%). Conclusion: The decline in the number of cases after the observed peak highlights the importance of improving public policies aimed at screening and early notification of cases. It is essential to strengthen strategies for preventing vertical transmission through timely diagnosis, early initiation of treatment, and decentralization of specialized services, with a view to reducing complications related to HIV infection during pregnancy